Conspecific male animals fight for resources such as food and mating opportunities but typically stop fighting after assessing their relative fighting abilities to avoid serious injuries. Physiologically, how the fighting behavior is controlled remains unknown. Using the fighting fish Betta splendens, we studied behavioral and brain-transcriptomic changes during the fight between the two opponents. At the behavioral level, surface-breathing, and biting/striking occurred only during intervals between mouth-locking. Eventually, the behaviors of the two opponents became synchronized, with each pair showing a unique behavioral pattern. At the physiological level, we examined the expression patterns of 23,306 brain transcripts using RNA-sequencing data from brains of fighting pairs after a 20-min (D20) and a 60-min (D60) fight. The two opponents in each D60 fighting pair showed a strong gene expression correlation, whereas those in D20 fighting pairs showed a weak correlation. Moreover, each fighting pair in the D60 group showed pair-specific gene expression patterns in a grade of membership analysis (GoM) and were grouped as a pair in the heatmap clustering. The observed pair-specific individualization in brain-transcriptomic synchronization (PIBS) suggested that this synchronization provides a physiological basis for the behavioral synchronization. An analysis using the synchronized genes in fighting pairs of the D60 group found genes enriched for ion transport, synaptic function, and learning and memory. Brain-transcriptomic synchronization could be a general phenomenon and may provide a new cornerstone with which to investigate coordinating and sustaining social interactions between two interacting partners of vertebrates.

同种雄性动物争夺食物和交配机会之类的资源，但通常在评估其相对战斗力以避免严重伤害后停止战斗。在生理上，如何控制战斗行为仍然未知。使用斗鱼斗鱼锦绣，我们研究了两个对手之间在战斗中的行为和脑转录组变化。在行为层面上，仅在两次闭嘴之间的时间间隔内，才会出现表面呼吸和咬/撞。最终，两个对手的行为变得同步，每对对手表现出独特的行为模式。在生理学水平上，我们在20分钟（D20）和60分钟（D60）的战斗后，使用来自战斗对大脑的RNA测序数据检查了23,306个大脑转录物的表达模式。每个D60战斗对中的两个对手均显示出很强的基因表达相关性，而D20战斗对中的两个对手则显示出较弱的相关性。此外，D60组中的每个战斗对在隶属度分析（GoM）中均显示成对特异性基因表达模式，并在热图聚类中成对分组。观察到的p特定空气我在ndividualization b雨水转录小号ynchronization（PIBS）建议，此同步提供了行为同步的生理基础。在D60组的战斗对中使用同步基因进行的分析发现，这些基因富含离子转运，突触功能以及学习和记忆。脑转录同步可能是一个普遍现象，并可能提供一个新的基石，以调查和协调脊椎动物的两个相互作用的伙伴之间的社会互动。