Yeast autolysis refers to the process in which cells degrade and release intracellular contents under specific conditions by endogenous enzymes such as proteases, nucleases and lipid enzymes. Protein-rich baker's yeast is widely used to produce yeast extract in food industry, however, the molecular mechanism related to baker's yeast autolysis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq technology and biochemical analysis were performed to analyze the autolysis processes in baker's yeast. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 27 autolysis-related euKaryotic Ortholog Groups (KOG) and three types of autolysis-induced Gene Ontology (GO) were identified and analyzed in detail. A total of 143 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways under autolysis were also assigned. Interestingly, the DEGs were significantly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and metabolic pathways, and key genes MID2, MTL1, SLT2, PTP2, HKR1 and GPD1 may play important roles in autolysis. Further quantitative PCR was performed to verify the expression pattern in baker's yeast autolysis. Together, all these results indicated that MAPK pathways might play an essential role during autolysis process through inhibiting the metabolism and disrupting cell wall in baker's yeast. This result may provide important clues for the in-depth interpretation of the yeast autolysis mechanism.

中文翻译：

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转录组学分析显示 MAPK 信号通路影响面包酵母中的自溶。

酵母自溶是指细胞在特定条件下通过蛋白酶、核酸酶、脂质酶等内源性酶降解并释放胞内内容物的过程。富含蛋白质的面包酵母在食品工业中被广泛用于生产酵母抽提物，但面包酵母自溶的分子机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，进行了 RNA-seq 技术和生化分析来分析面包酵母中的自溶过程。对差异表达基因（DEGs）、27个自溶相关的真核直向同源组（KOG）和三种类型的自溶诱导基因本体（GO）进行了详细的鉴定和分析。还分配了总共 143 条自溶作用下的京都基因和基因组 (KEGG) 途径。有趣的是，MID2、MTL1、SLT2、PTP2、HKR1和GPD1可能在自溶中起重要作用。进行进一步的定量 PCR 以验证面包酵母自溶中的表达模式。总之，所有这些结果表明，MAPK 通路可能通过抑制面包酵母的新陈代谢和破坏细胞壁在自溶过程中发挥重要作用。该结果可能为深入解读酵母自溶机制提供重要线索。