The iconic Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), has suffered dramatic population declines as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, vehicle collision mortality, dog attacks, bushfires and climate change. In 2012, koalas were officially declared vulnerable by the Australian government and listed as a threatened species. In response, research into diseases affecting koalas has expanded rapidly. The two major pathogens affecting koalas are Chlamydia pecorum, leading to chlamydial disease, and Koala Retrovirus (KoRV). In the last eight years, these pathogens and their diseases have received focused study regarding their sources, genetics, prevalence, disease presentation and transmission. This has led to vast improvements in pathogen detection and treatment, including the ongoing development of vaccines for each as a management and control strategy. This review will summarize and highlight the important advances made in understanding and combating C. pecorum and KoRV in koalas, since they were declared a threatened species. With complementary advances having also been made from the koala genome sequence and in our understanding of the koala immune system, we are primed to make a significant positive impact on koala health into the future.

中文翻译：

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帮助考拉对抗疾病 - 对考拉衣原体和考拉逆转录病毒 (KoRV) 疾病的了解和治疗的最新进展。

由于栖息地丧失和破碎、疾病、车辆碰撞死亡率、狗袭击、丛林大火和气候变化，澳大利亚标志性有袋动物考拉（Phascolarctos cinereus）的数量急剧下降。2012年，澳大利亚政府正式宣布考拉为易危物种，并将其列为受威胁物种。为此，对影响考拉的疾病的研究迅速扩大。影响考拉的两种主要病原体是导致衣原体疾病的佩科鲁姆衣原体和考拉逆转录病毒（KoRV）。在过去的八年中，这些病原体及其疾病在其来源、遗传学、患病率、疾病表现和传播方面得到了重点研究。这导致了病原体检测和治疗的巨大进步，包括不断开发每种病原体的疫苗作为管理和控制策略。这篇综述将总结并强调自从考拉被宣布为受威胁物种以来，在了解和对抗考拉中的C. pecorum和 KoRV方面取得的重要进展。随着考拉基因组序列以及我们对考拉免疫系统的了解取得了互补性进展，我们已做好准备对考拉未来的健康产生重大积极影响。