Bessel-Gauss beams have mainly been proposed in optics as a solution for reducing the on-axis intensity oscillations typical of Bessel beams. Previous investigations on Bessel-Gauss beams are based on a scalar theory in the paraxial approximation, and thus cannot be extended to the microwave range where a fully vectorial approach is needed. Here, the generation of Bessel-Gauss beams through leaky waves is investigated. First, the nondiffractive and focusing properties of Bessel-Gauss beams generated through leaky waves are extensively examined in the frame of a vectorial approach. Useful design criteria are derived to optimize both the radiation and the focusing efficiency of such beams. On this basis, leaky-wave radiators synthesized to support the generation of a Bessel-Gauss beam over a given frequency band in the microwave range are presented. Full-wave results corroborate the concept.

中文翻译：

---

贝塞尔高斯光束通过泄漏波：聚焦和衍射特性

贝塞尔-高斯光束主要是在光学领域提出的，以减少贝塞尔光束的典型轴上强度振荡。先前对Bessel-Gauss光束的研究基于近轴近似中的标量理论，因此无法扩展到需要完全矢量方法的微波范围。在此，研究了通过泄漏波产生贝塞尔高斯光束的情况。首先，在矢量方法的框架内，广泛研究了通过泄漏波产生的贝塞尔-高斯光束的非衍射和聚焦特性。得出了有用的设计准则，以优化此类光束的辐射和聚焦效率。在此基础上，提出了合成的泄漏波辐射器，以支持在微波范围内给定频段上生成贝塞尔高斯光束。