Abstract

We examined relationships between general and specific anxiety symptoms and time perspective among adolescents and how these relationships varied by gender. Time perspective was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct and assessed with the following dimensions: time frequency, time attitudes, time orientation, and time relation. Multiple regression analyses indicated that participants (N = 771; M_age = 15.82, SD = 1.23; 54% female) with more anxiety (a) felt less positively about the present; (b) felt more negatively about the past, the present, and the future; and (c) thought the past was more important than the present and the future. Findings for specific anxiety subtypes were generally similar. Interactions between time perspective and gender indicated that more frequent thoughts about the past and the future may be associated with greater anxiety, especially for females. Results highlight the temporal qualities of anxiety and provide support for time perspective as a potential factor for understanding and supporting adolescents with anxiety.

摘要

我们检查了青少年的一般和特定焦虑症状与时间观念之间的关系，以及这些关系如何因性别而异。时间视角被概念化为一个多维结构，并通过以下维度进行评估：时间频率、时间态度、时间取向和时间关系。多元回归分析表明参与者（N  = 771；M_年龄= 15.82，SD = 1.23; 54% 的女性）更加焦虑 (a) 对现在的感觉不那么积极；(b) 对过去、现在和未来感到更加消极；(c) 认为过去比现在和未来更重要。特定焦虑亚型的结果大体相似。时间视角和性别之间的相互作用表明，更频繁地思考过去和未来可能与更大的焦虑有关，尤其是对女性而言。结果突出了焦虑的时间特性，并为时间视角提供了支持，作为理解和支持青少年焦虑的潜在因素。