The freshwater-fish genus Laubuka contains ∼13 species distributed through the lowlands of tropical South and South-east Asia. Four of these species (Laubuka lankensis, L. varuna, L. ruhuna, and L. insularis) are reported as endemic to Sri Lanka, a remarkable datum given the island’s small size. We sampled populations of Laubuka at 56 locations in 14 of the island’s principal river basins and analysed their morphological, meristic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic relationships using the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and the nuclear recombination activating protein 1. We investigated the geographic structure, and delineated species using molecular species delimitation methods and morphological analysis within the general lineage concept of species. Molecular and morphological analyses failed to identify L. ruhuna and L. insularis as distinct species; we show them to be synonyms of L. varuna and L. lankensis, respectively. Taxonomic inflation in previous literature is attributed as a result of limited sampling and negligence of size allometry. Additionally, a third, cryptic species discovered in this study is described as L. hema sp. nov. which is evidently confined to the headwaters of the Gal basin in eastern Sri Lanka. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses suggest phylogeographic structure within both the southwest-endemic L. varuna and the dry-zone endemic L. lankensis, but the former shows strong phylogeographic structure between adjacent basins. The Sri Lankan species of Laubuka do not form a monophyletic group: they stem from two dispersal or vicariance events, one involving the lineage that led to L. varuna in south-western Sri Lanka, and the other, of [L. lankensis + L. hema] in the dry zone. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2A29329-E0E7-447E-B316-81049212CCCB http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:920E5DC0-CEDC-4243-98C7-12CCF829CBCD

中文翻译：

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斯里兰卡 Laubuka 属 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) 的分子系统发育揭示了多个起源和一个隐秘物种

淡水鱼属 Laubuka 约有 13 种，分布在热带南亚和东南亚的低地。其中四种（Laubuka lankensis、L. varuna、L. ruhuna 和 L. insularis）被报告为斯里兰卡的特有种，鉴于该岛面积小，这是一个了不起的数据。我们在岛上 14 个主要河流流域的 56 个地点对 Laubuka 种群进行了采样，并使用线粒体基因细胞色素 b 和细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 以及核重组激活蛋白 1 分析了它们的形态、分生、系统发育和系统地理学关系。我们调查了地理结构，并在物种的一般谱系概念内使用分子物种划界方法和形态分析来划定物种。分子和形态分析未能识别 L. ruhuna 和 L. insularis 作为不同的物种；我们将它们分别显示为 L. varuna 和 L. lankensis 的同义词。先前文献中的分类膨胀归因于有限的采样和尺寸异速生长的疏忽。此外，本研究中发现的第三个神秘物种被描述为 L. hema sp。十一月 显然仅限于斯里兰卡东部加尔盆地的源头。系统发育和单倍型网络分析表明，西南特有的 L. varuna 和干燥区特有的 L. lankensis 均存在系统地理学结构，但前者在相邻盆地之间显示出强烈的系统地理学结构。斯里兰卡的劳布卡种不形成单系群：它们源于两个分散或替代事件，一个涉及导致斯里兰卡西南部 L. varuna 的谱系，另一个，[L. lankensis + L. hema] 在干燥区。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2A29329-E0E7-447E-B316-81049212CCCB http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:920E5DC0-CEDC-4243 -98C7-12CCF829CBCD