ABSTRACT This study investigates changes in seasonal runoff and low flows related to changes in snow and climate variables in mountainous catchments in Central Europe. The period 1966–2012 was used to assess trends in climate and streamflow characteristics using a modified Mann–Kendall test. Droughts were classified into nine classes according to key snow and climate drivers. The results showed an increase in air temperature, decrease in snowfall fraction and snow depth, and changes in precipitation. This resulted in increased winter runoff and decreased late spring runoff due to earlier snowmelt, especially at elevations from 1000 to 1500 m a.s.l. Most of the hydrological droughts were connected to either low air temperatures and precipitation during winter or high winter air temperatures which caused below-average snow storages. Our findings show that, besides precipitation and air temperature, snow plays an important role in summer streamflow and drought occurrence in selected mountainous catchments.

中文翻译：

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中欧选定山区集水区的雪和气候趋势及其对季节性径流和水文干旱类型的影响

摘要 本研究调查了与中欧山区集水区雪和气候变量变化相关的季节性径流和低流量变化。1966 年至 2012 年期间用于使用改进的 Mann-Kendall 检验评估气候和水流特征的趋势。根据主要的降雪和气候驱动因素，干旱被分为九个等级。结果表明，气温升高，降雪量和积雪深度减少，降水量发生变化。由于较早的融雪，这导致冬季径流增加和晚春径流减少，尤其是在海拔 1000 至 1500 m asl 大部分水文干旱与冬季低气温和降水或高冬季气温有关，导致低于-平均积雪量。