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Direct Observation of Large Atomic Polar Displacements in Epitaxial Barium Titanate Thin Films
Advanced Materials Interfaces ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1002/admi.202000555
HsinWei Wu 1 , Sirong Lu 1 , Toshihiro Aoki 2 , Patrick Ponath 3 , Jian Wang 4 , Chadwin Young 4 , John G. Ekerdt 5 , Martha R. McCartney 6 , David J. Smith 6
Affiliation  

The development of ferroelectric perovskite oxides having a controlled polarization direction is an ongoing and challenging topic of research. Here direct observation of large atomic polar displacements, which correspond to a polar density of ≈0.9 C m−2 pointing upward, in an epitaxial BaTiO3 film grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a SrTiO3 substrate is reported. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to map the polarization displacement with unit‐cell resolution. Oxygen vacancies and other types of defects are examined and mapped using electron energy‐loss near‐edge structure analysis. The contributions from strain, strain gradient, and defects are quantitatively modeled in order to explain the large polarization. Calculations show that strain (through a defect dipole‐enhanced polarization) creates the large atomic polar displacements, and strain gradient (through inverse Vegard electrochemical strain effect) compensates the polarization. These two effects may explain the preferred polarization direction and the anomalous flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric thin films.

中文翻译:

直接观察外延钛酸钡薄膜中的大原子极性位移。

具有受控的极化方向的铁电钙钛矿氧化物的开发是一个正在进行的且具有挑战性的研究课题。在这里,通过分子束外延在SrTiO 3上生长的外延BaTiO 3膜中,直接观察到大原子极性位移,对应于向上指向的≈0.9C m -2的极性密度。报告了底物。像差校正扫描透射电子显微镜用于绘制极化位移与晶胞分辨率的关系。使用电子能量损失近边缘结构分析来检查和绘制氧空位和其他类型的缺陷。为了解释大极化,对来自应变,应变梯度和缺陷的贡献进行了定量建模。计算表明,应变(通过缺陷偶极增强极化)会产生较大的原子极性位移,而应变梯度(通过逆Vegard电化学应变效应)会补偿极化。这两个效应可以解释铁电薄膜中优选的极化方向和异常的弯曲电效应。
更新日期:2020-06-17
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