Plant myxodiasporous species have the ability to release a polysaccharidic mucilage upon imbibition of the seed (myxospermy) or the fruit (myxocarpy). This is a widespread capacity in angiosperms providing multiple ecological functions including higher germination efficiency under environmental stresses. It is unclear whether myxodiaspory has one or multiple evolutionary origins and why it was supposedly lost in several species. Here, we summarize recent advances on three main aspects of myxodiaspory. (a) It represents a combination of highly diverse traits at different levels of observation, ranging from the dual tissular origin of mucilage secretory cells to diverse mucilage polysaccharidic composition and ultrastructural organization. (b) An asymmetrical selection pressure is exerted on myxospermy‐related genes that were first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The A. thaliana and the flax intra‐species mucilage variants show that myxospermy is a fast‐evolving trait due to high polymorphism in a few genes directly acting on mucilage establishment. In A. thaliana, these actors are downstream of a master regulatory complex and an original phylogenetic overview provided here illustrates that this complex has sequentially evolved after the common ancestor of seed plants and was fully established in the common ancestor of the rosid clade. (c) Newly identified myxodiaspory ecological functions indicate new perspectives such as soil microorganism control and plant establishment support.

中文翻译：

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种子黏液进化：多种分子机制为特定环境产生了多种生态功能。

植物吸食双孢子的物种具有在吸收种子（食精）或果实（食果皮）后释放多糖糖浆的能力。这是被子植物的广泛功能，可提供多种生态功能，包括在环境胁迫下更高的发芽效率。目前尚不清楚粘虫成虫是具有一个还是多个进化起源，以及为什么它据说在多个物种中丢失。在这里，我们总结了粘液散发症三个主要方面的最新进展。（a）它代表了在不同观察水平下高度多样化的特征的组合，范围从黏液分泌细胞的双重组织起源到多样的黏液多糖组成和超微结构。（b）首次发现于多囊卵巢的相关基因受到不对称选择压力拟南芥。在拟南芥和亚麻种内变异的粘液表明myxospermy是一个快速发展的特点，由于较高的多态性直接作用于粘液建立了几个基因。在拟南芥中，这些因子位于主要调控复合体的下游，此处提供的原始系统发育概述表明，该复合体在种子植物的共同祖先之后已经顺序进化，并已完全建立在蔷薇进化枝的共同祖先中。（c）新近确定的粘虫成虫的生态功能表明了诸如土壤微生物控制和植物生长支持等新观点。