Ovarian Cancer (OC) is currently difficult to cure, mainly due to its late detection and the advanced state of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, conventional treatments such as debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy are rarely able to control progression of the tumour, and relapses are frequent. Alternative therapies are currently being evaluated, including immunotherapy and advanced T cell‐based therapy. In the present review, we will focus on a description of those Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) that have been validated in the laboratory or are being tested in the clinic. Numerous target antigens have been defined due to the identification of OC biomarkers, and many are being used as CAR targets. We provide an exhaustive list of these constructs and their current status. Despite being innovative and efficient, the OC‐specific CARs face a barrier to their clinical efficacy: the tumour microenvironment (TME). Indeed, effector cells expressing CARs have been shown to be severely inhibited, rendering the CAR T cells useless once at the tumour site. Herein, we give a thorough description of the highly immunosuppressive OC TME and present recent studies and innovations that have enabled CAR T cells to counteract this negative environment and to destroy tumours.

中文翻译：

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用于CAR治疗的卵巢癌目标目录。

卵巢癌（OC）目前难以治愈，主要是由于其发现较晚以及诊断时疾病的晚期状态。因此，诸如减瘤手术和联合化学疗法的常规治疗很少能够控制肿瘤的进展，并且复发频繁。目前正在评估其他疗法，包括免疫疗法和基于T细胞的晚期疗法。在本综述中，我们将重点介绍已经在实验室中验证或正在临床中测试的嵌合抗原受体（CAR）。由于鉴定了OC生物标志物，已经定义了许多靶抗原，并且许多抗原被用作CAR靶。我们提供了这些结构及其当前状态的详尽列表。尽管创新高效 OC专用CAR面临其临床功效的障碍：肿瘤微环境（TME）。实际上，已经表明表达CAR的效应细胞被严重抑制，使得CAR T细胞一旦在肿瘤部位就变得无用。在此，我们对高度免疫抑制的OC TME进行了详尽的描述，并介绍了最近的研究和创新成果，这些成果已使CAR T细胞能够抵消这种不利环境并破坏肿瘤。