Accuracy in representing, communicating and reporting science is critical to the translation of science into knowledge. Any lack of accuracy degrades the quality and reliability of consequent decisions. One common cause of inaccuracy is the use of superseded paradigmatic concepts with a lack of careful validation. This leads to evidentiary dissonance (an apparent abundance of evidence with little basis in actual reported scientific findings). We illustrate the nature and consequences of evidentiary dissonance using the example of estimates of the value of mangroves to fisheries, which are key motivators of decision-making around land-use activities in mangroves systems, mangrove restoration and disturbance offset initiatives. Causes include the use of inappropriate or inaccurate data and inadequate support for reasoning used to develop estimates of fisheries value. Evidentiary dissonance in linking estimates to scientific understanding has produced a citable and cited body of work with tenuous foundations in current ecological understanding, and a body of literature that is likely to lead to unrealistic expectations, misdirected and wasted resources, and perverse management outcomes.

中文翻译：

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范式变化和缺乏验证的科学的后果：红树林对渔业的价值示例

代表、传播和报告科学的准确性对于将科学转化为知识至关重要。任何准确性的缺乏都会降低后续决策的质量和可靠性。不准确的一个常见原因是使用了缺乏仔细验证的被取代的范式概念。这会导致证据不一致（证据明显丰富，但实际报告的科学发现几乎没有依据）。我们使用红树林对渔业价值估计的例子来说明证据不一致的性质和后果，红树林是围绕红树林系统土地利用活动、红树林恢复和干扰抵消举措进行决策的关键推动因素。原因包括使用不适当或不准确的数据以及对用于制定渔业价值估计的推理的支持不足。将估计值与科学理解联系起来的证据不一致已经产生了大量可引用和被引用的工作，这些工作在当前生态理解中的基础薄弱，以及可能导致不切实际的期望、误导和浪费资源以及不正当管理结果的大量文献。