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Trait-based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient-limiting conditions.
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15132
Tessa Camenzind 1, 2 , Anika Lehmann 1, 2 , Janet Ahland 1 , Stephanie Rumpel 1 , Matthias C Rillig 1, 2
Affiliation  

The dependency of microbial activity on nutrient availability in soil is only partly understood, but highly relevant for nutrient cycling dynamics. In order to achieve more insight on microbial adaptations to nutrient limiting conditions, precise physiological knowledge is needed. Therefore, we developed an experimental system assessing traits of 16 saprobic fungal isolates in nitrogen (N) limited conditions. We tested the hypotheses that (1) fungal traits are negatively affected by N deficiency to a similar extent and (2) fungal isolates respond in a phylogenetically conserved fashion. Indeed, mycelial density, spore production and fungal activity (respiration and enzymatic activity) responded similarly to limiting conditions by an overall linear decrease. By contrast, mycelial extension and hyphal elongation peaked at lowest N supply (C:N 200), causing maximal biomass production at intermediate N contents. Optimal N supply rates differed among isolates, but only the extent of growth reduction was phylogenetically conserved. In conclusion, growth responses appeared as a switch from explorative growth in low nutrient conditions to exploitative growth in nutrient‐rich patches, as also supported by responses to phosphorus and carbon limitations. This detailed trait‐based pattern will not only improve fungal growth models, but also may facilitate interpretations of microbial responses observed in field studies.

中文翻译:

基于性状的方法揭示了真菌对营养限制条件的适应性。

微生物活性对土壤养分有效性的依赖性仅被部分理解,但与养分循环动力学密切相关。为了更深入地了解微生物对营养限制条件的适应性,需要精确的生理知识。因此,我们开发了一个实验系统,以评估在氮(N)受限条件下16种腐生真菌的分离特性。我们检验了以下假设:(1)真菌性状受到氮缺乏的负面影响程度相似,并且(2)真菌分离株以系统发育上保守的方式响应。实际上,菌丝密度,孢子产生和真菌活性(呼吸作用和酶活性)对限制条件的反应类似,但总体呈线性下降。相比之下,菌丝延伸和菌丝延伸在最低氮供应下达到最高(C:N 200),在中等氮含量下导致最大的生物量生产。分离株之间的最佳氮供应速率有所不同,但仅系统发育上保留了生长减少的程度。总之,生长响应似乎是从低养分条件下的探索性生长向富营养化斑块中的可利用性生长的转变,这也得到了对磷和碳限制的响应的支持。这种基于特征的详细模式不仅可以改善真菌的生长模型,而且可以促进对田间研究中观察到的微生物反应的解释。生长响应似乎是从低营养条件下的探索性生长向营养丰富斑块中的可利用性生长的转变,这也得到了对磷和碳限制的响应的支持。这种基于特征的详细模式不仅可以改善真菌的生长模型,而且可以促进对田间研究中观察到的微生物反应的解释。生长响应似乎是从低营养条件下的探索性生长向营养丰富斑块中的可利用性生长的转变,这也得到了对磷和碳限制的响应的支持。这种基于特征的详细模式不仅可以改善真菌的生长模型,而且可以促进对田间研究中观察到的微生物反应的解释。
更新日期:2020-08-18
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