Life on the edge: habitat fragmentation limits expansion of a restored carnivore,Animal Conservation

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Life on the edge: habitat fragmentation limits expansion of a restored carnivore
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12607
A. R. Butler ₁ , K. L. S. Bly ₂ , H. Harris ₃ , R. M. Inman ₄ , A. Moehrenschlager ₅ , D. Schwalm ₆ , D. S. Jachowski ₁

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The successful recovery of imperiled species is dependent on knowledge of how demographic drivers mediate population growth and expansion. One of the largest species restoration projects has been the reintroduction of swift foxes Vulpes velox to southern Canada, where 947 foxes were released between 1983 and 1997. Swift foxes have since increased and expanded their range into northern Montana (USA), but have experienced a population decline and stall in recolonization over the past 10 years. The objective of this study was to estimate the survival and reproductive rates of swift foxes in northern Montana, which constitutes the southern edge of this population. In addition, we evaluated support for two different hypotheses of how environmental factors and several demographic factors influence survival. Although our length of monitoring was relatively short, we found that adult and juvenile annual survival rates were 54% and 74%, respectively, and fecundity was 0.85. We found the most support for the hypothesis that the percentage of native grassland at the 1‐km scale influenced survival and found that survival increased, on average, 2.1% for every 5% increase in grassland. Compared to previous estimates of swift fox population growth immediately following the release, our data suggest the population is currently stable. The long‐term successful recolonization and connectivity of swift fox populations in this region will likely be dependent on maintaining large tracts of contiguous grassland. Comparing the estimates of demographic rates among different points in space and time should help managers better understand the population dynamics and inform restoration strategies for recovering populations.

中文翻译：

生活在边缘：栖息地破碎限制了恢复的食肉动物的扩张

濒危物种的成功恢复取决于对人口驱动因素如何介导人口增长和扩张的了解。最大的物种修复项目之一是重新引入迅捷狐狸Vulpes velox到1983年至1997年期间，加拿大南部地区共释放了947只狐狸。此后，迅捷狐狸的数量有所增加，并扩大到了蒙大纳州北部（美国），但在过去的10年中，种群数量减少了，重新定殖也陷入了停滞。这项研究的目的是估计蒙大拿州北部的迅捷狐狸的存活率和繁殖率，该种群构成了该种群的南部边缘。此外，我们评估了对环境因素和几个人口因素如何影响生存的两种不同假设的支持。尽管我们的监测时间相对较短，但我们发现成年和少年的年生存率分别为54％和74％，繁殖力为0.85。我们找到了以下假设的最有力支持这一假设：1 km尺度上的天然草地百分比会影响生存，并发现生存平均每增加5％草地增加2.1％。与先前发布后迅捷狐狸种群增长的先前估计相比，我们的数据表明种群目前处于稳定状态。长期成功的殖民化和该地区迅捷狐狸种群的连通性可能取决于维持大片连续草地。比较时空不同点之间的人口统计学估计值，应有助于管理人员更好地了解人口动态，并为恢复人口的种群提供恢复策略。与先前发布后迅捷狐狸种群增长的先前估计相比，我们的数据表明种群目前处于稳定状态。长期成功的殖民化和该地区迅捷狐狸种群的连通性可能取决于维持大片连续草地。比较时空不同点之间的人口统计学估计值，应有助于管理人员更好地了解人口动态，并为恢复人口的种群提供恢复策略。与先前发布后迅捷狐狸种群增长的先前估计相比，我们的数据表明种群目前处于稳定状态。长期成功的殖民化和该地区迅捷狐狸种群的连通性可能取决于维持大片连续草地。比较时空不同点之间的人口统计学估计值，应有助于管理人员更好地了解人口动态，并为恢复人口的种群提供恢复策略。

更新日期：2020-06-18

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