In this study, we report the synthesis of multi-layer graphene-like graphitic structure (MGGS) using commercial candle as the solid-state carbon sources, without use of any gaseous carriers and gaseous carbon sources. The MGGS layers were directly synthesized onto the porous three-dimensional Ni foam via an easy annealing route, the obtained MGGS/Ni foam electrodes were applied to electrochemical supercapacitors. The morphologies and nanostructures of MGGS layers were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. Electrochemical properties were tested by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. Capacitive performance illustrated that the MGGS synthesized by the commercial candle demonstrated the outstanding behaviors of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) in the specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability. Our work might provide a way for economical and convenient graphene growth of EDLCs and graphene-based applications. In particular, substituting the commonly used explosive hydrocarbon gaseous carbon sources with candle as the solid-state carbon source brings a great benefit of feasible operation for safety consideration.

在这项研究中，我们报告了使用商业蜡烛作为固态碳源，而不使用任何气态载体和气态碳源的多层石墨烯状石墨结构（MGGS）的合成。通过简单的退火途径将MGGS层直接合成到多孔三维Ni泡沫上，将得到的MGGS / Ni泡沫电极应用于电化学超级电容器。通过扫描电子显微镜，拉曼光谱，X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜检查了MGGS层的形态和纳米结构。通过循环伏安法和恒电流充电/放电循环测试电化学性能。电容性能表明，由商用蜡烛合成的MGGS在比电容，倍率能力和循环稳定性方面表现出了双电层电容器（EDLC）的出色性能。我们的工作可能为EDLC和基于石墨烯的应用中经济，便捷的石墨烯生长提供一种途径。特别是，用蜡烛代替常用的爆炸性碳氢化合物气态碳源作为固态碳源，从安全角度考虑，具有可行操作的巨大好处。