The growing field of immune metabolism has revealed promising indications for metabolic targets to modulate anti-cancer immunity. Combination therapies involving metabolic inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), chemotherapy, radiation, and/or diet now offer new approaches for cancer therapy. However, it remains uncertain how to best utilize these strategies in the context of the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncogene-driven changes in tumor cell metabolism can impact the TME to limit immune responses and present barriers to cancer therapy. These changes also reveal opportunities to reshape the TME by targeting metabolic pathways to favor immunity. Here we explore current strategies that shift immune cell metabolism to pro-inflammatory states in the TME and highlight a need to better replicate physiologic conditions to select targets, clarify mechanisms, and optimize metabolic inhibitors. Unifying our understanding of these pathways and interactions within the heterogenous TME will be instrumental to advance this promising field and enhance immunotherapy.

免疫代谢领域的不断发展揭示了调节抗癌免疫的代谢靶点的有希望的迹象。涉及代谢抑制剂与免疫检查点阻断（ICB）、化疗、放疗和/或饮食的联合疗法现在为癌症治疗提供了新方法。然而，如何在复杂的肿瘤微环境（TME）背景下最好地利用这些策略仍然不确定。癌基因驱动的肿瘤细胞代谢变化可能会影响 TME，从而限制免疫反应并给癌症治疗带来障碍。这些变化还揭示了通过针对代谢途径以有利于免疫来重塑 TME 的机会。在这里，我们探讨了当前在 TME 中将免​​疫细胞代谢转变为促炎症状态的策略，并强调需要更好地复制生理条件来选择靶点、阐明机制和优化代谢抑制剂。统一我们对异质 TME 内这些途径和相互作用的理解将有助于推进这一有前景的领域并增强免疫治疗。