Recent advancement of single-atom catalysts (SACs) in electrochemical water splitting is systematically reviewed. This review focuses on various SACs including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, and Pt with single-metal or dual-metal sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting. The primary synthesis methods and advanced characterization techniques of SACs are documented. The geometric and electronic configurations of active sites and structure-property relationships in hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions are highlighted. The research perspectives and challenges on the future development of SACs are provided.

系统评价了单原子催化剂在电化学水分解中的最新进展。这篇综述着重于各种SAC，包括Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Mo，Pd，Ru，Rh，Ir和Pt，它们具有用于氢释放反应（HER），氧释放反应（OER）的单金属或双金属位点，以及整体水分解。记录了SAC的主要合成方法和高级表征技术。突出显示了氢和氧电极反应中活性位的几何和电子构型以及结构-性质关系。提供了SACs未来发展的研究观点和挑战。