The development of efficient cathode is critical to achieving high-performance lithium-oxide (Li–O₂) batteries. Herein, N-doped hierarchical mesoporous activated carbon (N-HMACs) are synthesized from commercially available apples via pyrolysis and carbonization strategy, on this basis, a free-standing cathode of RuO₂ nanoparticles (RuO₂ NPs) anchored on as-prepared N-HMACs is obtained via subsequent solvothermal process (N-HMACs-RuO₂), which avoids the parasitic reaction caused by binder and facilitates electron transport. The porous structure of the cathode provides sufficient transfer channels for reactants and affords space for product accommodation. While the anchored RuO₂ NPs not only serve as catalytic sites to accelerate O₂ reduction/evolution kinetics but also optimize the reaction process, making it more susceptible to form sheet-like Li₂O₂ by the surface-adsorption pathway, which is further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the assembled Li–O₂ battery with N-HMACs-RuO₂ cathode displays enhanced electrochemical performances, including high capacity, low over-potential, and outstanding cycling stability.

有效阴极的开发对于实现高性能氧化锂（Li–O ₂）电池至关重要。在此，通过热解和碳化策略从市售苹果中合成了N掺杂的分级介孔活性炭（N-HMACs），在此基础上，将RuO ₂纳米颗粒（RuO ₂ NPs）固定在制备的N上，形成一个独立的阴极-HMACs是通过随后的溶剂热过程（N-HMACs-RuO ₂）获得的，它避免了由粘合剂引起的寄生反应，并促进了电子传输。阴极的多孔结构为反应物提供了足够的传输通道，并为产物容纳提供了空间。而锚定的RuO ₂NPs不仅充当加速O ₂还原/演化动力学的催化位点，而且优化了反应过程，使其更易于通过表面吸附途径形成片状Li ₂ O ₂，这被密度泛函理论进一步证实。 （DFT）计算。结果，带有N-HMACs-RuO ₂阴极的组装Li–O ₂电池显示出增强的电化学性能，包括高容量，低超电势和出色的循环稳定性。