Abstract Recovery of rare earth elements (REE) from acid mine drainage (AMD) could be an alternative to their conventional mining, given that REE are relatively highly concentrated in AMD. Their pre-concentration, through AMD active or passive treatment, and further recovery seem promising from both an economic and environmental point of view. This review thoroughly discusses sorption and precipitation as main processes for REE removal from synthetic and real mine water. Nanofiltration and bioaccumulation are also presented as pre-concentration steps prior to the treatment. Promising sorbents especially include biosorbents, but the scientific literature on this topic remains sparse. Even fewer studies cover precipitation as a technique for REE removal from mine water, but its high removal efficiency justifies further research. Large-scale experiments for REE recovery from active or passive AMD remediation systems have already been conducted and this emerging practice has shown economic benefits. Further research is needed to test the performance of these systems.

中文翻译：

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从矿井水中去除和潜在回收稀土元素

摘要 考虑到 REE 在 AMD 中的浓度相对较高，从酸性矿山排水 (AMD) 中回收稀土元素 (REE) 可能是传统开采的替代方法。从经济和环境的角度来看，它们通过 AMD 主动或被动处理的预浓缩和进一步恢复似乎是有希望的。本综述彻底讨论了吸附和沉淀作为从合成和实际矿井水中去除 REE 的主要过程。纳滤和生物积累也作为处理前的预浓缩步骤出现。有前景的吸附剂尤其包括生物吸附剂，但关于该主题的科学文献仍然很少。将沉淀作为一种从矿井水中去除 REE 的技术的研究更少，但其高去除效率值得进一步研究。已经进行了从主动或被动 AMD 修复系统中回收 REE 的大规模实验，这种新兴实践已显示出经济效益。需要进一步研究来测试这些系统的性能。