Social media is widely used for sharing disaster-related information following natural disasters. Drawing on negativity bias theory, integrated crisis mapping model, and arousal theory, this study characterized the emotional responses of the public and tested the way emotional factors and influential users (with high numbers of followers and activeness) affect the number of reposts. Results indicated that after unpredictable earthquakes, the public showed negative responses, and negativity bias theory manifested especially when the posts came from influential users. During a typhoon or earthquake, the number of reposts grew as the number of anger-related words in posts increased. Anxiety- and typhoon-related posts from users with high numbers of followers negatively affected the number of reposts, whereas sadness-related posts had contrasting effects. These findings can help emergency managers formulate proper emotional response strategies after various natural calamities and help researchers test the abovementioned theories or models using real-word data from social media.

社交媒体被广泛用于在自然灾害后共享与灾难有关的信息。该研究利用消极偏见理论，综合危机映射模型和唤醒理论来表征公众的情感反应，并测试了情感因素和有影响力的用户（拥有大量追随者和活跃度）对转发次数的影响方式。结果表明，在不可预测的地震之后，公众表现出负面反应，尤其是当帖子来自有影响力的用户时，负面偏见理论就得以体现。在台风或地震期间，随着帖子中与愤怒相关的单词数量的增加，转发的数量也随之增加。追随者人数众多的用户与焦虑和台风相关的帖子对转发的数量产生了负面影响，而与悲伤相关的帖子则具有相反的效果。这些发现可以帮助应急管理人员在遭受各种自然灾害后制定适当的情绪应对策略，并帮助研究人员使用来自社交媒体的实词数据测试上述理论或模型。