Sustainable carbon materials have been synthesised by use of inexpensive natural precursors, tannin and sucrose, mixed in aqueous solution in various proportions (from 0:1 to 1:0), and then submitted to hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at various pH (from 2 to 8) and temperatures (160, 180 or 200 °C). The resultant hydrochars were finally pyrolysed at 900 °C under nitrogen flow to produce highly porous carbon materials with BET areas as high as 810 m²/g without activation. The effects of the initial tannin/sucrose weight ratios and of the HTC conditions were investigated in terms of final particle size (from 1 to 10 μm), carbon yield (from 30 to 45%), composition (C from 88 to 93 wt.%; O from 6 to 10 wt.%), surface chemistry (C from 88 to 98 at.%; O from 2 to 12 at.%) and porous texture (NLDFT surface areas and micropore volumes from 840 to 1420 m²/g and from 0.23 to 032 cm³/g, respectively). All these parameters were discussed and correlated with the electrochemical properties of the same materials. Special attention was paid to the separate roles of porosity and surface chemistry, and on the reversibility of the electrochemical reactions.

通过使用廉价的天然前体，单宁和蔗糖合成可持续的碳材料，将其以各种比例（从0：1到1：0）混合在水溶液中，然后在各种pH（从2开始）进行水热碳化（HTC）。至8）和温度（160、180或200°C）。最终将所得碳氢化合物在氮气流下于900°C进行热解，以生产BET面积高达810 m ^2的高度多孔碳材料/ g，无需激活。从最终粒径（1至10μm），碳收率（30至45％），组成（C从88至93 wt。％）方面研究了初始单宁/蔗糖重量比和HTC条件的影响。 ％; O从6到10 wt。％），表面化学（C从88到98 at。％; O从2到12 at。％）和多孔质地（NLDFT表面积和微孔体积从840到1420 m ² / g和0.23至032 cm ³ / g）。讨论了所有这些参数，并将它们与相同材料的电化学性能相关联。特别注意了孔隙率和表面化学的独立作用，以及电化学反应的可逆性。