Alpine mountain lake biota are adapted to harsh conditions making them particularly vulnerable to global change. However, as each mountain lake has a different limnology, there are supposed to be differential responses and degrees of resilience to climate change. In this study, 23 lakes in the Bavarian-Tyrolian Alps differing in altitude, size and geology were examined for their diatom community response to climate warming. Subfossil data were related to ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment cores. Correspondence and regression analyses revealed five different assemblage developments depending on lake depth, altitude and origin. Planktic species, especially Cyclotella, dominated deeper and lower-altitude mountain lakes earlier and stronger. This depends on the stability and temperature of the epilimnion which in turn determines the tipping point. Instead, shallow lakes exhibit higher species reorganizations of diatom assemblages. Mountain lakes of lower altitudes or affected by water level fluctuations (WLF) establish complex substrata and Achnanthidium accompanied by epiphytic species or Denticula tenuis in WLF-lakes replace dominating Staurosira. Conversely, alpine shallow lakes lack directional shifts and Staurosira dominate, but approach the tipping point of macrophyte establishment. In a deep doline lake, Diploneis species replace Nitzschia denticula with negligible planktic proportions. In mountain lakes with direct anthropogenic influence, enhanced nutrient supply disguises diatom response to global warming. These findings revealed deep mountain lakes with low nutrient levels to be more resilient to climate change than shallow lakes with a higher trophic status as the onset of the response to rising temperatures is earlier and thus smoother. In conclusion, subfossil diatom analyses can provide a powerful tool for climate change assessment and other anthropogenic impacts on mountain lakes.

高山高山湖泊生物区系适应恶劣的条件，使其特别容易受到全球变化的影响。但是，由于每个高山湖泊的语言学都不同，因此人们对气候变化的反应和适应程度不同。在这项研究中，检查了巴伐利亚-蒂罗尔州阿尔卑斯山的23个湖泊，这些湖泊的高度，大小和地质条件不同，它们的硅藻群落对气候变暖的响应。亚化石数据与²¹⁰ Pb和¹³⁷ Cs年代的沉积岩心有关。对应和回归分析揭示了五种不同的组合发育，这取决于湖泊的深度，高度和起源。浮游物种，尤其是小环藻，更早或更强大地主导着深空和低空的高山湖泊。这取决于the冰的稳定性和温度，而determines冰的温度和温度又决定了临界点。取而代之的是，浅湖显示出较高的硅藻组合物种重组。海拔较低或受水位波动（WLF）影响的高山湖泊在WLF湖泊中建立了复杂的地层和Ac草，并伴有附生物种或细叶细小树，取代了主要的Staurosira。相反，高山浅湖缺乏方向性变化，Staurosira占主导地位，但接近大型植物建立的临界点。在深深的do湖中，Diploneis物种取代了Nitzschia denticula木板比例可忽略不计。在直接受人为影响的高山湖泊中，增加的营养供应掩盖了硅藻对全球变暖的反应。这些发现表明，营养盐含量低的深山湖泊比营养水平高的浅水湖泊更能抵抗气候变化，因为对温度升高的反应开始得更早，因此也更加顺畅。总之，亚化石硅藻分析可以为评估气候变化和其他人为因素对高山湖泊的影响提供有力工具。