This study evaluated and compared the carcinogenic risks due to inhalation exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm (PM₁₀) during dust and normal days in Ahvaz, Iran. PM₁₀ was sampled every 6 day during a one-year period, with additional sampling during dust episodes (total = 84). The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead were determined using acidic digestion followed by analysis with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Excess life-time carcinogenic risk (ELCR) of exposure to PM-bound heavy metals was estimated using inhalation unit risk (IUR) approach and a Monte Carlo simulation. The sum of carcinogenic risks of all five heavy metals on both dust (1.61 × 10⁻⁵) and non-dust (9.49 × 10⁻⁶) days exceeded the US EPA's risk limit (1 × 10⁻⁶). Chromium assuming Cr(VI) and arsenic risks were higher than those from the other heavy metals. The average of carcinogenic risks in summer and winter were 1.59 × 10⁻⁵ and 1.81 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. These results indicated that although dust events are short-term, acute episodes, their high frequency in some affected areas such as Ahvaz can increase the life-time cancer risk.

这项研究评估并比较了在伊朗阿瓦士在尘埃和正常日吸入空气动力学直径低于10μm（PM ₁₀）的颗粒物引起的致癌风险。在一年的期间内，每6天对₁₀号纸机进行一次采样，在粉尘发作期间进行额外采样（总计= 84）。使用酸性消解法测定砷，镉，铬，镍和铅的浓度，然后使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）进行分析。使用吸入单位风险（IUR）方法和蒙特卡洛模拟评估了暴露于PM结合的重金属的过量生命期致癌风险（ELCR）。两种粉尘上所有五种重金属的致癌风险总和（1.61×10 ^-5）和无尘（9.49×10 ^-6）天超过了美国EPA的风险极限（1×10 ^-6）。铬可能具有六价铬和砷的风险，高于其他重金属。夏季和冬季的平均致癌风险分别为1.59×10 ^-5和1.81×10 ^-5。这些结果表明，尽管尘埃事件是短期的急性发作，但在某些受影响的地区（例如，Ahvaz），尘埃事件的频繁发生会增加终生癌症的风险。