Efficient antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) sparked its commercial application in several industrial and household products. Drastic increase of AgNPs production raised concerns over aquatic organisms’ exposure. The toxic dose, mechanism of toxicity, physiological damages, gene expression alteration, hematological and blood parameter distortion by AgNP needs to be investigated to explore inevitable risk in aquatic animals. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (122.4 ± 1.4 g, 23.8 ± 0.7 cm) were exposed to colloidal AgNPs (28.3 ± 12.6 um) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50)(8.9 mg/l). Sub-lethal concentrations (10 %LC50, 25 %LC50, plus LC50 value) impact on hematologic, histological and molecular responses were evaluated. Results showed sever damage to blood cells morphology, and hematologic parameters change including RBC, WBC, Hct and Hb in all AgNP-treated groups. Histological damage in gill and liver of exposed fish were observed. Significant up-regulating of HSP70 and P53 genes were detected in response to AgNPs, whereas, it was found that in comparison to HSP70 gene, P53 induction occurred in lower AgNPs concentrations and lower exposure time. These results indicate adversely effects of AgNPs exposure to aquatic environments.

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的高效抗菌和抗真菌特性激发了其在几种工业和家用产品中的商业应用。AgNPs产量的急剧增加引起了人们对水生生物暴露的担忧。需要研究AgNP的毒性剂量，毒性机理，生理损伤，基因表达改变，血液学和血液参数失真，以探索水生动物不可避免的风险。在这项研究中，虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）（122.4±1.4 g，23.8±0.7 cm）暴露于胶体AgNPs（28.3±12.6 um）以测定致死浓度（LC50）（8.9 mg / l）。评估了亚致死浓度（10％LC50、25％LC50，加上LC50值）对血液学，组织学和分子反应的影响。结果显示，所有AgNP治疗组的血细胞形态均受到严重损害，血液学参数发生变化，包括RBC，WBC，Hct和Hb。观察暴露鱼的腮和肝脏的组织学损害。检测到响应于AgNPs的HSP70和P53基因的显着上调，而发现与HSP70基因相比，在较低的AgNPs浓度和较短的暴露时间中发生了P53诱导。这些结果表明AgNPs暴露于水生环境的不利影响。