In 2011, a yacht marina was built in Sopot (the largest holiday resort in Poland), which initiated the formation of a local shallowing of the bottom related to the tombolo effect. The building of the marina led to disturbances in the transmission of bottom deposits along the coast, which resulted from waves and the shift of the beach coastline by approx. 50 m towards the sea. Its effects include progressive morphological changes in the shore and the sea bottom, which will lead to the formation of a peninsula between the shore and the marina in the future. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the accuracy of 3D modelling of the tombolo phenomenon in the onshore part of the beach using both point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning methods and photogrammetric methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle photographs. The methods subjected to assessment include both those for land modelling and for determining the coastline course and its changes. The analysis results prove the existence of sub-metre differences in the imaged relief and the coastline course, which were demonstrated using an analysis of land cross-sections. The possibilities and limitations of both methods are demonstrated as well.

中文翻译：

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以索波特市为例，使用地面激光扫描 (TLS) 和无人机 (UAV) 摄影测量法对由连环波现象引起的海滩地形变化进行 3D 建模

2011年，在索波特（波兰最大的度假胜地）建造了一个游艇码头，这引发了与tombolo效应相关的局部变浅底部的形成。由于海浪和海滩海岸线的移动，码头的建设导致沿海岸底部沉积物的传输受到干扰。50 m 向海。其影响包括海岸和海底的逐步形态变化，这将导致未来在海岸和码头之间形成半岛。本文介绍了使用通过地面激光扫描方法获得的点云和基于无人机照片的摄影测量方法对海滩陆上部分连环现象的 3D 建模精度进行比较分析的结果。进行评估的方法包括用于陆地建模和确定海岸线路线及其变化的方法。分析结果证明了成像地貌和海岸线路线中存在亚米级差异，这通过陆地横截面分析得到了证明。还展示了这两种方法的可能性和局限性。