The present study explored the protective role of dietary the extract of Angelica sinensis (EAs) on high density, CuSO₄, or trichlorfon-treated Crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus). Firstly, the study showed that the optimum density for growth and growth inhibition was 0.49 and 0.98 fish L⁻¹ water, respectively. Dietary EAs relieved the high density–induced growth inhibition in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of growth was estimated to be 4.30 g kg⁻¹ diet in high-density fish. Moreover, high density decreased both digestive and absorptive enzyme activities and increased lipid oxidation in digestive organs, suggesting the ability of high density to induce oxidative damage. However, dietary EAs inhibited the oxidative damage through elevating ROS scavenging ability and enzymatic antioxidant activity in digestive organs. Secondly, our data demonstrated that the appropriate concentration of CuSO₄ to induce the decrease in feed intake (FI) was 0.8 mg Cu L⁻¹ water. Dietary EAs returned to FI of Crucian carp treated with CuSO₄. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of FI was estimated to be 4.25 g kg⁻¹ diet. Moreover, dietary EAs suppressed the CuSO₄-induced decrease in digestion and absorption capacity and increase in protein metabolism in digestive organs of Crucian carp. Finally, the present results suggested that dietary EAs inhibited the trichlorfon-induced rollover (loss of equilibrium) in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for inhibition of rollover was estimated to be 4.18 g kg⁻¹ diet. Moreover, trichlorfon stimulated not only the decrease in energy metabolism but also lipid and protein oxidation, suggesting that trichlorfon caused loss of function and oxidative damage in muscles of fish. However, dietary EAs improved muscular function and inhibited oxidative damage via quenching ROS and elevating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity in muscles of trichlorfon-induced fish. So, EAs could be used as an inhibitor of high density, CuSO₄, and trichlorfon stress in fish.

本研究探讨了膳食当归提取物（EAs）对高密度CuSO ₄或敌百虫处理的treated鱼（Carassius auratus auratus）的保护作用。首先，研究表明，生长和抑制生长的最佳密度分别为0.49和0.98鱼L ^-1水。日粮EA缓解了Cru鱼的高密度诱导生长抑制作用。恢复生长所需的EA的适当浓度估计为4.30 g kg ^-1高密度鱼的饮食。此外，高密度降低消化酶和吸收酶的活性，并增加消化器官中的脂质氧化，表明高密度诱导氧化损伤的能力。但是，膳食EA通过提高消化器官中的ROS清除能力和酶促抗氧化活性来抑制氧化损伤。其次，我们的数据表明，引起饲料摄入量（FI）降低的适当CuSO ₄浓度为0.8 mg Cu L ^-1水。饮食EAs返回用CuSO ₄处理的Cru鱼的FI 。估计用于回收FI的EA的合适浓度为4.25 g kg - ¹日粮。此外，饮食EA抑制了CuSO ₄引起的Cru鱼消化器官消化吸收能力下降和蛋白质代谢增加。最后，目前的结果表明，膳食EA抑制了chlor虫中敌百虫诱导的侧翻（失去平衡）。用于抑制侧翻的EA的适当浓度估计为4.18 g kg ^-1饮食。此外，敌百虫不仅刺激能量代谢的下降，而且刺激脂质和蛋白质的氧化，表明敌百虫导致鱼肌肉功能丧失和氧化损伤。然而，膳食EA通过猝灭ROS和提高敌百虫诱导鱼肌肉中的非酶和酶抗氧化活性，改善了肌肉功能并抑制了氧化损伤。因此，EAs可以用作鱼类中高密度，CuSO ₄和敌百虫应力的抑制剂。