Chilli pepper is a widely spread vegetable crop and one of the main spices used all over the world. Its properties comprise high antioxidant capacity and content of several healthy-related compounds including vitamin C, carotenoids and capsaicinoids. In countries of the Mediterranean basin, chilli production is largely based on local varieties traditionally selected for open field conditions, although, the genetic improvement is a rapidly growing sector toward the development of hybrids. In the present study, nine chilli pepper varieties with diverse market destinations including powder consumption, canned production, and blister packaging as well as seven hybrids obtained through half-diallel crosses between the parent varieties were grown in replicated field trials over diverse locations and evaluated in a comprehensive approach regarding twenty-six quantitative agronomic, morphological and health-related phytochemical traits. Significant differences between hybrids and parents were found for 12 out of the 26 traits studied in both environments. Agronomic and chemical traits did not differ significantly except than for total yield and pH. Several biochemical traits differed significantly and carotenoids and ascorbic acid values were mostly linked to the cultivation environment. A significant effect of the genotype (P < 0.01) was found in all traits for both parental lines and hybrids. The phenotypic plasticity revealed high stability for fruit morphological traits in both parents and hybrids. Greater plasticity was found for total yield in the parent lines, while hybrids were more stable for capsaicinoids and more plastic for carotenoids and AsA, compared to parental. Significant mid-parent heterosis was observed in all the hybrids tested for at least one of the trait evaluated. The PCA in the first two dimensions explained 48.26% of the total variance showing a distinction between each hybrid and the related parental lines for the traits analyzed. This comprehensive approach used, allow to dissect those traits which can be successfully introgressed in hybrids and are useful for precision breeding of novel varieties.

中文翻译：

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分析影响辣椒（Capsicum annuum）产量成分和健康相关化合物变异的杂种优势、基因型和环境因素

辣椒是一种广泛传播的蔬菜作物，也是世界各地使用的主要香料之一。其特性包括高抗氧化能力和多种健康相关化合物的含量，包括维生素 C、类胡萝卜素和辣椒素。在地中海盆地国家，辣椒生产主要基于传统上为露天条件选择的当地品种，尽管遗传改良是发展杂交品种的一个快速增长的部门。在本研究中，九个辣椒品种具有不同的市场目的地，包括粉末消费、罐头生产、和泡罩包装以及通过亲本品种之间的半双列杂交获得的 7 个杂交种在不同地点的重复田间试验中种植，并以综合方法对 26 个定量的农艺、形态和健康相关的植物化学性状进行评估。在两种环境中研究的 26 种性状中的 12 种发现杂种和亲本之间存在显着差异。除了总产量和 pH 值外，农艺性状和化学性状没有显着差异。几个生化性状显着不同，类胡萝卜素和抗坏血酸值主要与栽培环境有关。在亲本系和杂种的所有性状中都发现了基因型的显着影响（P < 0.01）。表型可塑性揭示了亲本和杂种果实形态性状的高稳定性。与亲本相比，亲本系的总产量具有更大的可塑性，而杂种的辣椒素更稳定，类胡萝卜素和 AsA 的可塑性更强。在针对至少一种评估的性状测试的所有杂种中观察到显着的中亲杂种优势。前两个维度中的 PCA 解释了总方差的 48.26%，显示了每个杂种与分析性状的相关亲本系之间的区别。使用这种综合方法，可以剖析那些可以成功渗入杂种的性状，并有助于新品种的精确育种。与亲本相比，杂种对辣椒素更稳定，对类胡萝卜素和 AsA 更可塑性。在针对至少一种评估的性状测试的所有杂种中观察到显着的中亲杂种优势。前两个维度中的 PCA 解释了总方差的 48.26%，显示了每个杂种与分析性状的相关亲本系之间的区别。使用这种综合方法，可以剖析那些可以成功渗入杂种中的性状，并可用于新品种的精确育种。与亲本相比，杂种对辣椒素更稳定，对类胡萝卜素和 AsA 更可塑性。在针对至少一种评估的性状测试的所有杂种中观察到显着的中亲杂种优势。前两个维度中的 PCA 解释了总方差的 48.26%，显示了每个杂种与分析性状的相关亲本系之间的区别。使用这种综合方法，可以剖析那些可以成功渗入杂种中的性状，并可用于新品种的精确育种。总方差的 26% 显示了每个杂种与所分析性状的相关亲本系之间的区别。使用这种综合方法，可以剖析那些可以成功渗入杂种的性状，并有助于新品种的精确育种。总方差的 26% 显示了每个杂种与分析性状的相关亲本系之间的区别。使用这种综合方法，可以剖析那些可以成功渗入杂种的性状，并有助于新品种的精确育种。