Peruvian national and regional plans promoting oil palm have prompted a rapid expansion of the crop in the Amazonian region. This expansion has taken place primarily at the expense of forest, both undisturbed and disturbed. Assessments of carbon emissions from forest-to-oil palm conversion have essentially been confined to Southeast Asia, and research on Peruvian Amazonian forests has mainly targeted undisturbed sites. This study characterizes the vegetation structure and composition of disturbed forests and smallholder oil palm plantations and evaluates the change in ecosystem (that is, phytomass and soil) carbon stocks associated with forest-to-oil palm conversion. Inventories were conducted in four degraded forest sites neighboring six oil palm plantation sites in Ucayali. Time-averaged carbon stocks over the 30-year oil palm rotation were computed from models developed upon the sampled chronosequence (1 to 28 years old). Disturbed forests harbored species typical of primary forests, pioneer species and gaps opportunistic species. Their tree basal area (18.7 ± 1.4 m² ha⁻¹) and above-ground C stock (71.3 ± 4.2 Mg C ha⁻¹) were, respectively, 50 and 60% of the values of undisturbed forests from the literature. The growth curve for oil palm above-ground biomass was consistently below models developed for plantations in Indonesia. Thirty-year time-averaged ecosystem C stock (Mg C ha⁻¹) in oil palm plantations (78.2 ± 2.0) represented 55% of the stock in disturbed forest (140.9 ± 5.8), resulting in a 62.7 ± 6.1 loss from such conversion. These results reinforce recommendations to redirect oil palm expansion toward low-carbon degraded lands, sparing disturbed and undisturbed forests.

秘鲁促进油棕的国家和地区计划促使亚马逊地区的农作物迅速扩张。这种扩张主要是以未受破坏和受干扰的森林为代价的。从森林到油棕的转化所产生的碳排放的评估基本上仅限于东南亚，对秘鲁亚马逊河森林的研究主要针对不受干扰的地点。这项研究表征了受干扰的森林和小农油棕人工林的植被结构和组成，并评估了与森林转化为油棕有关的生态系统（即，植物和土壤）碳储量的变化。在乌卡亚里的六个油棕种植园附近的四个退化森林中进行了清查。根据采样时序（1至28岁）建立的模型，计算了油棕旋转30年后的平均时间碳储量。受干扰的森林中有原始森林的典型物种，先锋物种和空白机会性物种。他们的树基面积（18.7±1.4 m²  ha ^-1）和地上碳储量（71.3±4.2 Mg C ha ^-1）分别是文献中未干扰森林的50％和60％。油棕地面生物量的生长曲线始终低于印度尼西亚为人工林开发的模型。油棕人工林的30年平均时间生态系统C储量（Mg C ha ^-1）（78.2±2.0）占动乱森林中储量的55％（140.9±5.8），导致这种转化造成62.7±6.1的损失。这些结果加强了将油棕扩张重新导向低碳退化土地，保留受干扰和不受干扰的森林的建议。