This paper addresses how to describe critical episodes of interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems. The first part of the paper poses three questions: (1) what levels of cognitive control are important to include in a descriptive framework for joint human-autonomy in process control; (2) how should one describe temporal developments in joint socio-technical systems; and (3) how does one analyse communication and control at the system joints. The paper proceeds by proposing a new framework for description and analysis, the Joint Control Framework (JCF), with a simple notation, the Score (JCF-S). It allows descriptions of the three previously mentioned aspects through three analytical activities: process mapping (PM), analysis of Levels of Autonomy in Cognitive Control (LACC), and temporal descriptions of human–machine interaction (T-HMI) through the Score notation. This facilitates analyses across cases and domains. The framework is discussed based on an analysis of two episodes; one work episode (from an air traffic control tower simulator); and one work procedure (from an unmanned traffic management system design concept).

中文翻译：

---

描述人类操作员与自主、自动化和手动控制系统之间交互的框架

本文介绍了如何描述人类操作员与自主、自动化和手动控制系统之间交互的关键事件。论文的第一部分提出了三个问题：（1）在过程控制中联合人与自主的描述框架中包含哪些级别的认知控制是重要的；(2) 如何描述联合社会技术系统的时间发展；(3) 如何分析系统节点的通信和控制。该论文提出了一个新的描述和分析框架，即联合控制框架 (JCF)，并带有一个简单的符号，即分数 (JCF-S)。它允许通过三个分析活动来描述前面提到的三个方面：过程映射 (PM)、认知控制中的自主级别分析 (LACC)、通过分数符号对人机交互 (T-HMI) 进行时间描述。这有助于跨案例和域进行分析。该框架的讨论基于对两集的分析；一个工作集（来自空中交通管制塔台模拟器）；和一个工作程序（来自无人交通管理系统的设计理念）。