The natriuretic peptides (NPs) family, including a class of hormones and their receptors, is largely known for its beneficial effects within the cardiovascular system to preserve regular functions and health. The concentration level of each component of the family is of crucial importance to guarantee a proper control of both systemic and local cardiovascular functions. A fine equilibrium between gene expression, protein secretion and clearance is needed to achieve the final optimal level of NPs. To this aim, the regulation of gene expression and translation plays a key role. In this regard, we know the existence of fine regulatory mechanisms, the so-called epigenetic mechanisms, which target many genes at either the promoter or the 3′UTR region to inhibit or activate their expression. The gene encoding ANP (NPPA) is regulated by histone modifications, DNA methylation, distinct microRNAs and a natural antisense transcript (NPPA-AS1) with consequent implications for both health and disease conditions. Notably, ANP modulates microRNAs on its own. Histone modifications of BNP gene (NPPB) are associated with several cardiomyopathies. The proBNP processing is regulated by miR30-GALNT1/2 axis. Among other components of the NPs family, CORIN, NPRA, NPRC and NEP may undergo epigenetic regulation. A better understanding of the epigenetic control of the NPs family will allow to gain more insights on the pathological basis of common cardiovascular diseases and to identify novel therapeutic targets. The present review article aims to discuss the major achievements obtained so far with studies on the epigenetic modulation of the NPs family.

利钠肽 (NP) 家族包括一类激素及其受体，因其对心血管系统保持正常功能和健康的有益作用而闻名。该家族每种成分的浓度水平对于保证全身和局部心血管功能的适当控制至关重要。为了达到最终的最佳纳米颗粒水平，需要基因表达、蛋白质分泌和清除之间的良好平衡。为此，基因表达和翻译的调控起着关键作用。在这方面，我们知道存在精细的调控机制，即所谓的表观遗传机制，它针对启动子或3'UTR区域的许多基因来抑制或激活它们的表达。编码 ANP ( NPPA ) 的基因受到组蛋白修饰、DNA 甲基化、独特的 microRNA 和天然反义转录本 ( NPPA - AS1 ) 的调节，从而对健康和疾病状况产生影响。值得注意的是，ANP 能够自行调节 microRNA。 BNP 基因 ( NPPB ) 的组蛋白修饰与多种心肌病相关。 proBNP 加工受 miR30-GALNT1/2 轴调节。在 NPs 家族的其他成分中，CORIN、NPRA、NPRC 和 NEP 可能受到表观遗传调控。更好地了解纳米颗粒家族的表观遗传控制将有助于对常见心血管疾病的病理基础有更多的了解，并确定新的治疗靶点。本文旨在讨论迄今为止在纳米颗粒家族表观遗传调控研究中取得的主要成就。