Distilleries are among the most polluting industries because ethanol fermentation results in the discharge of large quantities of high-strength liquid effluents with high concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen compounds, low pH, high temperature, dark brown color, and high salinity. The most common method of managing this wastewater (distillery stillage) is to use it for soil conditioning, but this requires thickening the wastewater and may cause soil pollution due to its high nitrogen content. Therefore, treatment of distillery stillage is preferable. This review discusses individual biological and physico-chemical treatment methods and combined technologies. In addition, special attention is paid to valorization of distillery stillage, which is a valuable source of polysaccharides and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), as well as natural antioxidants, including polyphenols and other bioactive compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. New directions in improvement of valorization technologies are highlighted, including the search for new eutectic solvents for extracting these compounds. Such technologies are essential for sustainable development, which requires the use of management and valorization strategies for recovery of valuable compounds with minimal disposal of waste streams.

酿酒厂是污染最严重的行业之一，因为乙醇发酵会排放大量高浓度的液体废水，这些废水中含有高浓度的有机物和氮化合物，低pH，高温，深褐色和高盐度。处理这种废水（蒸馏釜馏液）的最常见方法是将其用于土壤改良，但这需要使废水变稠，并且由于其高氮含量可能会导致土壤污染。因此，优选蒸馏酒馏分的处理。这篇评论讨论了单独的生物和物理化学处理方法和组合技术。此外，还要特别注意酒厂蒸馏物的增值，这是多糖和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的宝贵来源，以及天然抗氧化剂，包括制药，化妆品和食品工业中感兴趣的多酚和其他生物活性化合物。着重介绍了改进增价技术的新方向，包括寻找新的共晶溶剂以提取这些化合物。此类技术对于可持续发展至关重要，它需要使用管理和评估策略来回收有价值的化合物，同时尽量减少废物流。