Communication networks have been recognized as substantial energy consumer. However, the ubiquity of Ethernet links provides opportunity for energy savings with Energy-Efficient Ethernet standard and packet coalescing. So far, theoretical analysis of coalescing algorithms for Energy-Efficient Ethernet has assumed that the coalescing limit is expressed in packets; however, as Ethernet links are byte-congestible resources in nature, we argue that byte-based coalescing algorithms should be employed. To that goal, we propose an M/M/1 model for byte-based coalescing on Ethernet links compliant to Energy-Efficient Ethernet standard. The model is based on compound Poisson distribution and provides single formula for calculation of expected low-power state duration and, in turn, of energy savings. The model is applicable to 10GBASE-T Ethernet and to emerging 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards. Detailed simulation results show a good match of achieved energy savings to those predicted by the model. The paper discusses application of the proposed model for the evaluation of energy efficiency of 10GBASE-T Ethernet links in future IoT data centers within Smart Cities.

中文翻译：

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具有基于字节的合并的节能以太网的M / M / 1模型

通信网络已被认为是大量的能源消耗者。但是，以太网链路无处不在，通过节能以太网标准和数据包合并为节能提供了机会。到目前为止，对节能以太网的合并算法的理论分析已假设合并限制以数据包表示；但是，由于以太网链路本质上是字节拥塞的资源，因此我们认为应采用基于字节的合并算法。为此，我们提出了一种M / M / 1模型，用于在符合节能以太网标准的以太网链路上基于字节的合并。该模型基于复合泊松分布，并提供了用于计算预期的低功率状态持续时间并进而节省能源的单一公式。该模型适用于10GBASE-T以太网以及新兴的2.5GBASE-T和5GBASE-T标准。详细的仿真结果表明，所实现的节能与模型预测的节能非常匹配。本文讨论了该模型在智能城市中未来IoT数据中心中10GBASE-T以太网链路能效评估中的应用。