Skin aging has been associated with a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, particularly glucose and galactose. In fact, the carbohydrates are capable of damaging the skin’s vital components through nonenzymatic glycation, the covalent attachment of sugar to a protein, and subsequent production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review is focused on the role of D-galactose in the development of skin aging and its relation to oxidative stress. The interest in this problem was dictated by recent findings that used in vitro and in vivo models. The review highlights the recent advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of D-galactose-mediated cell senescence and cytotoxicity. We have also proposed the possible impact of galactosemia on skin aging and its clinical relevance. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of skin aging mediated by D-galactose can help dermatologists optimize methods for prevention and treatment of skin senescence and aging-related skin diseases.

中文翻译：

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半乳糖诱导的皮肤老化：氧化应激的作用。

皮肤衰老与饮食中碳水化合物，尤其是葡萄糖和半乳糖的摄入较高有关。实际上，碳水化合物能够通过非酶促糖基化，糖与蛋白质的共价结合以及随后的高级糖基化终产物（AGEs）的产生，破坏皮肤的重要成分。这篇综述的重点是D-半乳糖在皮肤衰老发展中的作用及其与氧化应激的关系。对这个问题的兴趣是由最近在体外和体内使用的发现所决定的楷模。该综述突出了D-半乳糖介导的细胞衰老和细胞毒性的潜在分子机制的最新进展。我们还提出了半乳糖血症对皮肤衰老的可能影响及其临床意义。对由D-半乳糖介导的皮肤衰老的分子机制的理解可以帮助皮肤科医生优化预防和治疗皮肤衰老和与衰老相关的皮肤病的方法。