Background. Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system, which is usually treated by surgery combined with iodine-131 (I¹³¹) radiotherapy. Aims. This study is aimed at exploring the potential targets of I¹³¹ radiotherapy in THCA. Methods. The RNA-sequencing data of THCA in The Cancer Genome Atlas database (including 568 THCA samples) was downloaded. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tumour samples whether or not subjected to I¹³¹ radiotherapy were identified using edgeR package. Using the WGCNA package, the module that was relevant with I¹³¹ radiotherapy was selected. The intersection genes of the hub module nodes and the DEGs were obtained as hub genes, followed by the function and pathway enrichment analyses using the clusterProfiler package. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the hub genes was constructed using Cytoscape software. In addition, more important hub genes were analysed with function mining using the GenCLiP2 online tool. The qPCR analysis was used to verify the mRNA expression of more important hub genes in THCA tissues. Results. There were 500 DEGs (167 upregulated and 333 downregulated) between the two groups. WGCNA analysis showed that the green module (428 nodes) exhibited the most significant correlation with I¹³¹ radiotherapy. A PPI network was built after the identification of 53 hub genes. In the PPI network, CDH5, KDR, CD34, FLT4, EMCN, FLT1, ROBO4, PTPRB, and CD93 exhibited higher degrees, which were mainly implicated in the vascular function. The relative expression of nine mRNAs in the THCA tissues treated with I¹³¹ was lower. Conclusion. I¹³¹ radiotherapy might exert therapeutic effects by targeting CDH5, KDR, CD34, FLT4, EMCN, FLT1, ROBO4, PTPRB, and CD93 in THCA patients.

中文翻译：

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九个基因介导碘131放疗对甲状腺癌患者的治疗效果。

背景。甲状腺癌（THCA）是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，通常通过手术联合碘131（I ¹³¹）放射治疗来治疗。目标。本研究旨在探索 I ¹³¹放疗在 THCA 中的潜在靶点。方法。下载了 The Cancer Genome Atlas 数据库中 THCA 的 RNA 测序数据（包括 568 个 THCA 样本）。无论是否接受 I ¹³¹放射治疗，肿瘤样本之间的差异表达基因 (DEG) 均使用 edgeR 包进行鉴定。使用 WGCNA 包，与 I ^{131相关的模块}选择了放疗。枢纽模块节点和 DEG 的交叉基因作为枢纽基因获得，然后使用 clusterProfiler 包进行功能和通路富集分析。此外，使用 Cytoscape 软件构建了中枢基因的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 网络。此外，使用 GenCLiP2 在线工具通过功能挖掘分析了更重要的枢纽基因。qPCR 分析用于验证 THCA 组织中更重要的中枢基因的 mRNA 表达。结果。两组之间有500个DEG（167个上调和333个下调）。WGCNA 分析显示绿色模块（428 个节点）与 I ^{131的相关性最显着}放射治疗。鉴定出53个中枢基因后，构建了PPI网络。在PPI网络中，CDH5、KDR、CD34、FLT4、EMCN、FLT1、ROBO4、PTPRB、 CD93的度数较高，主要与血管功能有关。^{I 131}处理的 THCA 组织中 9 种 mRNA 的相对表达较低。结论。I ¹³¹放疗可能通过靶向CDH5、KDR、CD34、FLT4、THCA 患者中的EMCN、FLT1、ROBO4、PTPRB和CD93 。