We demonstrate voltage-tunable thermo-optic bi- and tri-stability in silicon photonic microring resonators with lateral p-i-n junctions and present a technique for characterizing the thermo-optic transient response of integrated optical resonators. Our method for thermo-optic transient response measurement is applicable to any integrated photonics platform and uses standard equipment. Thermo-optic relaxation in encapsulated waveguides is found to be approximately logarithmic in time, consistent with the analytic solution for 2D heat diffusion. We develop a model for thermo-optic microring multi-stability and dynamics which agrees with experiment data over a wide range of operating conditions. Our work highlights the fundamental connection in semiconductor waveguides between active free-carrier removal and thermo-optic heating, a result of particular relevance to Kerr soliton state stability and on-chip frequency comb generation. The devices studied here were fabricated in a CMOS foundry process and as a result our model is useful for design of silicon photonic waveguide devices.

中文翻译：

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带有横向二极管的硅微环谐振器的热光多重稳定性和弛豫

我们演示了具有侧向引脚结的硅光子微环谐振器中的电压可调热光双稳定性和三稳定性，并提出了一种表征集成光学谐振器的热光瞬态响应的技术。我们的热光瞬态响应测量方法适用于任何集成光子平台，并使用标准设备。发现封装波导中的热光弛豫时间近似为对数，这与二维热扩散的解析解一致。我们开发了一种热光微环多稳定性和动力学模型，该模型与各种工作条件下的实验数据都吻合。我们的工作重点介绍了有源自由载流子去除与热光加热之间的半导体波导的基本连接，这与Kerr孤子状态稳定性和片上频率梳的产生特别相关。此处研究的器件是通过CMOS铸造工艺制造的，因此，我们的模型可用于设计硅光子波导器件。