It is hard to supply satellite cells as a cell source for therapy of muscle degenerative disease since the sampling of muscle tissue is very invasive to a patient with muscular disease. Direct conversion allows us to get specific cell types by transduction of defined transcriptional factors. To induce myogenic direct conversion, we transduced five transcriptional factors including Pax3, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Esrrb into mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We found that the transduction of the five transcriptional factors induced myogenic direct conversion of fibroblast. We revealed that the transduced cells with the five transcriptional factors were converted to myogenic lineage cells through a paraxial mesoderm-like stage. The expression level of myogenic-related genes of the transduced cells gradually increased as the passage increased. The induced myogenic lineage cells differentiated into muscle fibers in virto and in vivo. The current study revealed that the five transcription factors generated myogenic lineage cells from fibroblast via a paraxial mesoderm stage. The induced myogenic lineage cells may have a potential being applied as cell source for degenerative muscle disease.

很难提供卫星细胞作为治疗肌肉退行性疾病的细胞来源，因为肌肉组织的取样对肌肉疾病患者的侵入性非常大。直接转化使我们能够通过转导定义的转录因子来获得特定的细胞类型。为了诱导生肌直接转化，我们将包括 Pax3、Sox2、Klf4、c-Myc 和 Esrrb 在内的五种转录因子转导到小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中。我们发现五种转录因子的转导诱导成纤维细胞的生肌直接转化。我们揭示了具有五种转录因子的转导细胞通过旁轴中胚层样阶段转化为肌源性谱系细胞。转导细胞的生肌相关基因的表达水平随着传代的增加而逐渐增加。体外和体内。目前的研究表明，这五种转录因子通过旁轴中胚层阶段从成纤维细胞产生肌源性谱系细胞。诱导的肌源性谱系细胞可能具有用作退行性肌肉疾病的细胞来源的潜力。