ABSTRACT Current evidence about the feasible effects of probiotic consumption on the metabolic status of athletes including lipid profile, fecal zonulin, and cortisol is debatable. Therefore, the present systematic reviewed and meta-analysis was aimed to clarify this inconclusiveness. Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane’s library) were searched until May 2020. The overall effect was presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) or standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s and Begg’s statistics. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used for quality assessment. Eleven RCTs (n = 398 participants) were considered as eligible. Probiotic consumption significantly decreased fecal zonulin (SMD = −0.63; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.08; P = .02) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 79.4%, P = .008). Also, serum triglyceride (WMD = −32.26 mg/dL; 95% CI, −60.44 to −4.08; P = .02) was reduced with high heterogeneity across the studies (I2 = 93.0%, P < .001). Subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic consumption did increase HDL-C among non-Asian studies. Also, serum triglyceride was higher when probiotics were consumed as food, among non-Asian population, and for less than 4 weeks. Probiotics may be beneficial to improve metabolic markers in athletes including fecal zonulin and serum triglyceride.

中文翻译：

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运动员益生菌消耗和代谢状态的系统评价和荟萃分析

摘要 目前关于益生菌消费对运动员代谢状态（包括脂质特征、粪便连蛋白和皮质醇）的可行影响的证据尚有争议。因此，目前的系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在澄清这种不确定性。在线数据库（PubMed、Scopus、ISI Web of Science 和 Cochrane 的图书馆）的搜索时间截止到 2020 年 5 月。总体效果以加权平均差 (WMD) 或标准平均差 (SMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 表示随机效应荟萃分析模型。使用 Egger 和 Begg 的统计数据评估发表偏倚。p 值 <0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool 用于质量评估。11 项 RCT（n = 398 名参与者）被认为符合条件。益生菌消耗显着降低粪便 zonulin (SMD = -0.63; 95% CI, -1.17 至 -0.08; P = .02) 具有显着的异质性 (I2 = 79.4%, P = .008)。此外，血清甘油三酯（WMD = -32.26 mg/dL；95% CI，-60.44 至 -4.08；P = .02）降低，且研究间异质性高（I2 = 93.0%，P < .001）。亚组分析显示，在非亚洲研究中，益生菌摄入确实会增加 HDL-C。此外，在非亚洲人群中，当益生菌作为食物食用时，血清甘油三酯较高，且摄入时间少于 4 周。益生菌可能有益于改善运动员的代谢标志物，包括粪便 zonulin 和血清甘油三酯。95% CI，-60.44 至 -4.08；P = .02) 因研究间的高异质性而降低（I2 = 93.0%，P < .001）。亚组分析显示，在非亚洲研究中，益生菌摄入确实会增加 HDL-C。此外，在非亚洲人群中，当益生菌作为食物食用时，血清甘油三酯较高，且摄入时间少于 4 周。益生菌可能有益于改善运动员的代谢标志物，包括粪便 zonulin 和血清甘油三酯。95% CI，-60.44 至 -4.08；P = .02) 因研究间的高异质性而降低（I2 = 93.0%，P < .001）。亚组分析显示，在非亚洲研究中，益生菌摄入确实会增加 HDL-C。此外，在非亚洲人群中，当益生菌作为食物食用时，血清甘油三酯较高，且摄入时间少于 4 周。益生菌可能有益于改善运动员的代谢标志物，包括粪便 zonulin 和血清甘油三酯。