Summarized in this review are a large number of experimental and modelling studies for advancing the heat‐transfer‐based mechanism for solid deposition from “waxy” or paraffinic oils and mixtures. This comprehensive heat‐transfer approach is entirely different from a more popular molecular‐diffusion mechanism. It has evolved from numerous publications, over three decades, which explored topics related to thermodynamic, rheological, crystallization, solid deposition, and shutdown and deposit‐aging behaviour of prepared multicomponent paraffinic mixtures of varying compositions to simulate “waxy” crude oils. These investigations covered a wide range of compositions, temperatures, and cooling rates—under static, sheared, laminar and turbulent conditions—in both the hot and cold flow regimes. The heat‐transfer mechanism for wax deposition is based on (partial) freezing or liquid‐to‐solid phase transformation process, for which steady‐state and unsteady‐state mathematical models have been developed and validated with extensive laboratory data. Furthermore, a shear‐induced deformation model for the deposit aging phenomenon has been developed and validated; it is based on a partial release of the liquid phase from the incipient gel, thereby causing an enrichment of heavier alkanes and a corresponding depletion of lighter alkanes in the deposit. A successful analogy with the ice deposition process has confirmed the wax deposition process to be also controlled by heat transfer, without involving any other mechanism for wax deposition. All of these previous studies confirm that wax deposition is predominantly a thermally driven process.

中文翻译：

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固体从“蜡状”或石蜡混合物中沉积的传热机理综述

这篇综述总结了大量的实验和模型研究，以促进基于传热的“蜡状”或石蜡油及其混合物的固体沉积机理。这种全面的传热方法与更流行的分子扩散机制完全不同。它是从过去三十多年的众多出版物中演变而来，探讨了与热力学，流变学，结晶，固体沉积以及已制备的各种组成的多组分石蜡混合物的关闭和沉积-老化行为有关的主题，以模拟“蜡状”原油。这些研究涵盖了热流和冷流条件下的各种组成，温度和冷却速率-在静态，剪切，层流和湍流条件下。蜡沉积的传热机制是基于（部分）冻结或液相至固相转化过程，为此已经开发了稳态和非稳态数学模型，并已通过大量实验室数据进行了验证。此外，针对沉积物老化现象的剪切诱导变形模型已经开发和验证。其基于液相从初始凝胶中部分释放，从而导致沉积物中重链烷烃的富集和轻链烷烃的相应消耗。与冰沉积过程的成功比喻已经证实，蜡沉积过程也可以通过传热来控制，而不涉及任何其他蜡沉积机理。所有这些先前的研究证实，蜡沉积主要是热驱动过程。