Abstract Carotenoids are diverse groups of colorful pigments, which are synthesized in plants, algae, bacteria, and some yeast. They play a pivotal role in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and the production of phytohormones (abscisic acid and strigolactone) in plant cells. Most of the carotenogenic genes have been identified in plants; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation are still unclear. The main objective of this review is to provide updated knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation, storage, and degradation of plant carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes and enzymes. This review provides new insightful ideas, with which researchers could elucidate the function of the carotenoid pathway. Furthermore, it shed light on how the metabolic engineering approach in plants has provided important information for carotenoid biotechnology.

中文翻译：

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植物类胡萝卜素生物合成与调控的最新进展

摘要 类胡萝卜素是多种颜色的色素，在植物、藻类、细菌和一些酵母中合成。它们在植物细胞中的光合作用、光保护和植物激素（脱落酸和独脚金内酯）的产生中发挥着关键作用。大多数类胡萝卜素基因已在植物中得到鉴定；然而，类胡萝卜素生物合成和积累的调控机制仍不清楚。本综述的主要目的是提供关于植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径基因和酶的生物合成、调控、储存和降解的最新知识。这篇综述提供了新的有见地的想法，研究人员可以用它来阐明类胡萝卜素途径的功能。此外，