The dairy industry is of great importance to the European economy contributing towards € 8.7 billion of the total trade surplus. Caprine and ovine milk amount to 3.1% of the 152 million tonnes of milk produced in Europe, 95% of which is transformed into dairy products such as cheese. This cheese is mostly produced in small holdings from untreated milk, making it a high-risk dairy product for human consumption. A total of 49 foodborne disease outbreaks caused by dairy products were registered in 2017 in Europe. Therefore, these products remain a serious health risk. This meta-analysis examined 30 studies assessing bacterial or fungal contamination of caprine or ovine milk cheeses. The significantly contaminating microbes were found to be Acremonium spp. (19%), Aspergillus spp. (23%), Bacillus spp. (2%), Brucella spp. (34%), Enterobactericae spp. (36%), Enterococcus spp. (28%), Escherichia spp. (15%), Fusarium spp. (21%), Geotrichum spp. (22%), Listeria spp. (11%), Mucor spp. (15%), Penicillium spp. (25%), Phoma spp. (20%), Rhizopus spp. (15%), Salmonella spp. (3%), Scopulariopsis spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (25%) in caprine and ovine cheese, indicating a variety of food pathogens as well as spoilers. Raw milk is nutritious hence prone to contamination. However, since traditional cheese is often made from untreated milk, it is important to educate cheesemakers of key safety measures and good manufacturing practice allowing for the safe production of these food items.

乳制品业对欧洲经济至关重要，贡献了总贸易顺差87亿欧元。在欧洲生产的1.52亿吨牛奶中，山羊奶和羊奶占3.1％，其中95％被转化为奶酪等乳制品。这种奶酪主要由未经处理的牛奶在小规模生产中生产，使其成为人类食用的高风险乳制品。2017年，欧洲共记录了49起乳制品引起的食源性疾病暴发。因此，这些产品仍然存在严重的健康风险。这项荟萃分析检查了30项评估山羊或山羊奶酪的细菌或真菌污染的研究。发现严重污染的微生物是顶头孢菌。（19％），曲霉属。（23％），芽孢杆菌属。（2％）布鲁氏菌属。（34％），肠杆菌属。（36％） ，肠球菌属。（28％），大肠埃希氏菌 （15％），镰刀菌属。（21％），土生植物。（22％），李斯特菌属。（11％），Mucor spp。（15％），青霉属。（25％），Phoma spp。（20％），根霉属。（15％）沙门氏菌。（3％），剑兰属 （19％）和葡萄球菌spp。（25％）在山羊奶酪和羊奶酪中，表明各种食物病原体和腐败菌。生乳营养丰富，因此容易受到污染。但是，由于传统奶酪通常是由未经处理的牛奶制成的，因此对奶酪制造者进行关键安全措施和良好生产规范的教育，以确保这些食品的安全生产非常重要。