Abstract District heating systems assisted by renewable energy harness local energy sources, save fossil fuels, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Here, geothermal and solar resources are integrated into district heating through a geothermal heat pump and an absorption heat pump by employing vapor-compressor and absorption cycles, respectively. A quantitative sustainability assessment model was constructed for the resulting hybrid district heating systems. Indicators on energy, environment, economic, and societal aspects were used to evaluate the composite sustainability index of hybrid systems with information entropy method. The results demonstrate that a district heating system coupled to compound parabolic concentrator-photovoltaic/thermal solar collector system with 100% photovoltaic coverage ratio is the ideal system for the case study when the annual cost saving ratio is given the highest impact in the composite sustainability index. A detailed analysis on the annual cost saving ratio shows that a higher ambient temperature, solar beam irradiance and grid electricity price would have a positive impact on the annual cost saving ratio. It can be concluded that the quantitative sustainability evaluation approach proposed helps to select the ideal hybrid system.

中文翻译：

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与地热和太阳能资源耦合的区域供热系统的可持续性评估和敏感性分析

摘要 由可再生能源辅助的区域供热系统利用当地能源，节省化石燃料并减少温室气体排放。在这里，地热和太阳能资源分别通过使用蒸汽压缩机和吸收循环的地热热泵和吸收式热泵整合到区域供热中。为由此产生的混合区域供热系统构建了一个定量的可持续性评估模型。使用能源、环境、经济和社会方面的指标，用信息熵方法评估混合系统的综合可持续性指数。结果表明，当年度成本节约率在复合可持续性指数中的影响最大时，区域供热系统与复合抛物线聚光器-光伏/热太阳能集热器系统相结合，具有 100% 的光伏覆盖率，是案例研究的理想系统. 对年度成本节约率的详细分析表明，较高的环境温度、太阳光束辐照度和电网电价会对年度成本节约率产生积极影响。可以得出结论，所提出的定量可持续性评估方法有助于选择理想的混合系统。太阳光束辐照度和电网电价将对年度成本节约率产生积极影响。可以得出结论，所提出的定量可持续性评估方法有助于选择理想的混合系统。太阳光束辐照度和电网电价将对年度成本节约率产生积极影响。可以得出结论，所提出的定量可持续性评估方法有助于选择理想的混合系统。