Abstract Long-term shipboard measurements of vessel performance in actual seas and practical guidance for proper ship operations in rough sea conditions are of great importance for a safe, economical and environment-friendly optimum ship routing. Data was collected from a bulk carrier during 2010–2016 covering both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres with high seasonal variability. Using the meteorological and wave models, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and WAVEWATCH III (WW3), numerical simulations of the weather and sea state were conducted for eight rough sea cases using the grid point value (GPV) datasets NCEP-FNL and ERA-Interim. Model results were validated by shipboard measurements and ship motion calculations. Results show a better performance of NCEP-FNL on generating high ocean surface wind speed of heavy weather than that of the ERA-Interim, while the ERA-Interim tends to perform better for generation of wind direction. Besides, utilization of a high-resolution WRF model tends to increase the accuracy of wind simulations for extremely high and low wind speed cases when compared to the linear interpolation of GPV datasets, which tends to perform better for relatively modest wind speed conditions. Results also suggest that, to achieve an optimum ship routing considering safety, cost and emission reduction; it should use the high-resolution WRF model with NCEP-FNL initial and boundary conditions to generate ocean surface winds, followed by the WW3 wave model to generate ocean surface waves for the most accurate performance in heavy weather.

中文翻译：

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基于数值模拟和船上测量的 NCEP 和 ECMWF 全球数据集和数值方法对崎岖海面航行的比较评估

摘要 船舶在实际海域中的长期船上性能测量以及船舶在恶劣海况下正确操作的实际指导对于安全、经济和环境友好的最佳船舶航线具有重要意义。数据是在 2010-2016 年期间从一艘散货船收集的，涵盖季节性变化较大的南半球和北半球。使用气象和波浪模型、天气研究和预测模型 (WRF) 和 WAVEWATCH III (WW3)，使用网格点值 (GPV) 数据集 NCEP-FNL 对八个波涛汹涌的海况进行了天气和海况的数值模拟和 ERA-临时。模型结果通过船上测量和船舶运动计算得到验证。结果表明，与 ERA-Interim 相比，NCEP-FNL 在产生恶劣天气的高海面风速方面具有更好的性能，而 ERA-Interim 在生成风向方面往往表现更好。此外，与 GPV 数据集的线性插值相比，高分辨率 WRF 模型的使用往往会提高极高和极低风速情况下风模拟的准确性，GPV 数据集的线性插值往往在相对适中的风速条件下表现更好。结果还表明，为了实现考虑安全、成本和减排的最佳船舶航线；它应该使用具有 NCEP-FNL 初始和边界条件的高分辨率 WRF 模型来生成海面风，然后使用 WW3 波浪模型生成海面波浪，以便在恶劣天气中获得最准确的性能。