Abstract The plastic-mulched ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting (PRFRH) system improves precipitation utilization and yield in semi-arid regions. For densely planted crops such as winter wheat, however, the ridges reduce planting area. Thus, optimal ridge and furrow configurations for winter wheat cultivation remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of various ridge-furrow ratios on soil hydrothermal properties, winter wheat growth, yield, resource use efficiency, and profitability under different precipitation years (dry, normal, or wet years) in 2014–2017. A control (CK, conventional flat planting without mulching) and three different ridge-furrow ratios [40:60 (R40), 60:60 (R60), and 80:60 (R80)] were tested. Firstly, PRFRH increased soil water storage and temperature. The soil moisture content assumed a “bell-shaped” distribution which was centered on the planting furrow in the 0−80 cm range. The soil water storage increased with mulched-ridge width, but it will not significantly increase while the mulched-ridge width was too wide. The soil temperature of ridge also increased with mulched-ridge width, whereas the soil temperature decreased in furrow. Moreover, precipitation years had no obvious effect on soil water storage or temperature. Secondly, the dry matter accumulation was captured quite well by the Logistic (R2 > 0.99). PPRFRH promoted the accumulation of dry matter and increased the winter wheat yield (17.7%), especially in dry year, which mitigated the impact of drought and maintained the yield. Similarly, dry matter accumulation and yield also increased with mulched-ridge width. In contrast, when the ridge was too wide, the effective duration of dry matter accumulation and the yield were reduced. Finally, PRFRH improved the utilization efficiency of water, precipitation and thermal. Nevertheless, the mulched-ridge width required for optimal water-related resource utilization was higher than that needed for optimal thermal utilization. Overall, our results suggest that a 60:60 cm ridge and furrow system can improve dry matter accumulation, crop yield, profitability, and hydrothermal use efficiency in winter wheat grown in the semi-arid regions.

中文翻译：

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适当的垄沟比可以通过改善半干旱地区的土壤水分和热量条件来提高作物产量和资源利用效率

摘要 地膜垄沟雨水收集（PRFRH）系统提高了半干旱地区的降水利用率和产量。然而，对于种植密集的作物，如冬小麦，山脊减少了种植面积。因此，冬小麦种植的最佳垄沟配置仍然未知。在这里，我们评估了 2014-2017 年不同降水年（旱年、常年或湿润年）下各种垄沟比对土壤水热特性、冬小麦生长、产量、资源利用效率和盈利能力的影响。测试了对照（CK，无覆盖的常规平地种植）和三种不同的垄沟比 [40:60 (R40)、60:60 (R60) 和 80:60 (R80)]。首先，PRFRH 增加了土壤储水量和温度。土壤水分含量呈“钟形”分布，以种植犁沟为中心，0~80 cm 范围内。土壤蓄水量随覆垄宽度的增加而增加，但覆垄宽度过宽不会显着增加。垄的土壤温度也随着覆盖垄宽度的增加而升高，而在犁沟中的土壤温度降低。此外，降水年数对土壤储水量和温度没有明显影响。其次，Logistic 很好地捕获了干物质积累（R2 > 0.99）。PPRFRH促进了干物质的积累，提高了冬小麦产量（17.7%），尤其是在旱年，减轻了干旱的影响，保持了产量。同样，干物质积累和产量也随着覆盖脊宽度的增加而增加。相比之下，当垄过宽时，干物质积累的有效持续时间和产量都会降低。最后，PRFRH提高了水、降水和热的利用效率。然而，最佳水相关资源利用所需的覆盖脊宽度高于最佳热利用所需的覆盖脊宽度。总体而言，我们的结果表明，60:60 厘米的垄沟系统可以提高半干旱地区冬小麦的干物质积累、作物产量、盈利能力和热液利用效率。最佳水相关资源利用所需的覆盖脊宽度高于最佳热利用所需的覆盖脊宽度。总体而言，我们的结果表明，60:60 厘米的垄沟系统可以提高半干旱地区冬小麦的干物质积累、作物产量、盈利能力和热液利用效率。最佳水相关资源利用所需的覆盖脊宽度高于最佳热利用所需的覆盖脊宽度。总体而言，我们的结果表明，60:60 厘米的垄沟系统可以提高半干旱地区冬小麦的干物质积累、作物产量、盈利能力和热液利用效率。