Abstract

Small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) are important for human life-quality and for maintenance of biodiversity within urban landscapes. However, little is known about how local characteristics and spatial location are related to biodiversity inhabiting SPUGS in tropical cities. In this study, we aimed at assess how noise, vegetation aspects (local characteristics), distance from a major habitat patch and from water (spatial location) are related to the bird community (species composition, species richness, total abundance and feeding guilds) inhabiting SPUGS in a medium-sized Neotropical city (Rio Claro, Brazil). We expected local characteristics to be the most important variables influencing the bird community. Bird observations were conducted in 28 SPUGS (< 1 ha) and we used generalized linear models and a multi-model inference to assess the relationships between SPUGS’ attributes and the bird community. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess which SPUGS characteristics modulate species composition. We made 1,808 records of 75 bird species distributed in 26 families. Noise was negatively related to bird species richness, total abundance, and abundance of granivorous species. On the other hand, tree species richness presented positive relationships with bird species richness and total abundance. Noise and tree species richness also were responsible for modulating the composition of species inhabiting SPUGS. Therefore, we demonstrated that local characteristics modulate birds inhabiting SPUGS; while noise is a strong limiting factor for birds inhabiting these small green spaces, increasing tree species richness can enhance SPUGS’ ability in harboring a diverse bird community.

Graphical abstract

Representation of the outcomes of our study: in Rio Claro (São Paulo, Brazil), small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) nearby quieter streets and with higher tree species richness harbor highly diverse bird communities. Noise was negatively related to bird species richness, total abundance and abundance of granivorous bird species, while tree species richness presented positive relationships with bird species richness and total abundance. This figure has been designed using resources from https://www.Freepik.com

中文翻译：

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噪音和树木物种丰富度调节着鸟类居住在新热带城市的小型公共城市绿地中

摘要

小型公共城市绿地（SPUGS）对于人类生活质量和维护城市景观内的生物多样性至关重要。但是，人们对热带城市SPUGS的生物多样性与当地特征和空间位置之间的关系知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估噪声，植被方面（局部特征），与主要栖息地的距离以及与水（空间位置）的距离与鸟类群落（物种组成，物种丰富度，总丰度和觅食行会）之间的关系。在中型新热带城市（巴西里奥克拉罗）居住着SPUGS。我们希望本地特征是影响鸟类群落的最重要变量。在28个SPUGS（< 1公顷），我们使用广义线性模型和多模型推断来评估SPUGS属性与鸟类群落之间的关系。使用方差的排列多元分析来评估哪些SPUGS特征可调节物种组成。我们记录了分布在26个科中的75种鸟类的1,808条记录。噪声与鸟类物种丰富度，总丰度和肉食物种丰富度负相关。另一方面，树木物种丰富度与鸟类物种丰富度和总丰度呈正相关。噪音和树木物种丰富度还负责调节居住在SPUGS的物种的组成。因此，我们证明了局部特征会调节居住在SPUGS上的鸟类。

图形概要

研究结果的代表：在巴西圣保罗的里奥克拉罗市，附近较安静的街道旁有小型公共城市绿地（SPUGS），树种丰富，拥有高度多样化的鸟类群落。噪声与鸟类物种丰富度，总丰富度和肉食鸟类物种丰富度负相关，而树木物种丰富度与鸟类物种丰富度和总丰富度呈正相关。此图是使用https://www.Freepik.com的资源设计的