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Tranexamic acid in Neurosurgery: a controversy indication-review.
Neurosurgical Review ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01324-0
José Luiz de Faria 1 , Josué da Silva Brito 1 , Louise Teixeira Costa E Silva 1 , Christiano Tadeu Sanches Mattos Kilesse 1 , Nicolli Bellotti de Souza 1 , Carlos Umberto Pereira 2 , Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo 3 , Nícollas Nunes Rabelo 1, 3
Affiliation  

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is one of the measures indicated to reduce bleeding and the need for volume replacement. However, data on risks and benefits are controversial. This study analyzes the effectivity and risks of using tranexamic acid in neurosurgery. We selected articles, published from 1976 to 2019, on the PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, and The Cochrane Database using the descriptors: “tranexamic acid,” “neurosurgery,” “traumatic brain injury,” “subdural hemorrhage,” “brain aneurysm,” and “subarachnoid hemorrhage.” TXA can reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in trauma and spinal surgery. Despite the benefits of TXA, moderate-to-high doses are potentially associated with neurological complications (seizures, transient ischemic attack, delirium) in adults and children. In a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, the use of TXA can considerably reduce the risk of rebleeding, but there is weak evidence regarding its influence on mortality reduction. The TXA use in brain surgery does not present benefit. However, this conclusion is limited because there are few studies. TXA in neurosurgeries is a promising method for the maintenance of hemostasis in affected patients, mainly in traumatic brain injury and spinal surgery; nevertheless, there is lack of evidence in brain and vascular surgeries. Many questions remain unanswered, such as how to determine the dosage that triggers the onset of associated complications, or how to adjust the dose for chronic kidney disease patients.



中文翻译:

神经外科手术中的氨甲环酸:争议性指征综述。

氨甲环酸(TXA)是减少出血的必要措施之一,并且需要大量更换。但是,有关风险和收益的数据是有争议的。本研究分析了氨甲环酸在神经外科手术中的有效性和风险。我们选择了1976年至2019年间在PubMed,EMBASE,Science Direct和Cochrane数据库上发表的文章,其使用的描述语为:“氨甲环酸”,“神经外科”,“颅脑外伤”,“硬脑膜下出血”,“脑动脉瘤” ”和“蛛网膜下腔出血”。TXA可以减少失血以及创伤和脊柱外科手术中的输血需求。尽管TXA有益处,但中至高剂量可能与成人和儿童的神经系统并发症(癫痫发作,短暂性脑缺血发作,del妄)有关。在颅内动脉瘤破裂中,使用TXA可以大大降低再次出血的风险,但是关于其对降低死亡率的影响的证据还很薄弱。在脑外科手术中使用TXA没有益处。但是,该结论是有限的,因为研究很少。神经外科手术中的TXA是一种有希望的方法,可以在受影响的患者中维持止血,主要是在颅脑外伤和脊柱外科手术中。然而,在脑和血管外科手术中缺乏证据。许多问题仍未解决,例如如何确定引发相关并发症发作的剂量,或如何调整慢性肾脏病患者的剂量。这个结论是有限的,因为很少有研究。神经外科中的TXA是一种有希望的方法,可以在受影响的患者中维持止血,主要是在颅脑外伤和脊柱外科中。然而,在脑和血管外科手术中缺乏证据。许多问题仍未解决,例如如何确定引发相关并发症发作的剂量,或如何调整慢性肾脏病患者的剂量。这个结论是有限的,因为很少有研究。神经外科手术中的TXA是一种有希望的方法,可以在受影响的患者中维持止血,主要是在颅脑外伤和脊柱外科手术中。然而,在脑和血管外科手术中缺乏证据。许多问题仍未解决,例如如何确定触发相关并发症发作的剂量,或如何调整慢性肾脏病患者的剂量。

更新日期:2020-06-17
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