The early Permian Barakar coal measures Formation of Gondwana Supergroup in the Godavari basin comprise siliciclastic fluvial facies of passive continental margin. The lithofacies relationship and their sequences are analyzed quantitatively using embedded Markov Chain analysis along with improved binomial probability method. Summarized lithofacies sequence show the following order: (CGSD= Matrix supported conglomerate, gritty to pebbly/coarse-grained tabular and trough cross bedded sandstones)→(MGSD= Medium grained trough and planar cross bedded sandstones)→(FGSD= Fine-grained parallel and ripple drift cross-laminated sandstones)→(SH= Shale/inter-bedded sandstone-shale and gray shale)→(C=coal/shaly coal and carbonaceous shale)→(CGSD= Matrix supported conglomerate, gritty to pebbly/coarse-grained planar and trough bedded sandstones). These repetitive cycles accumulated in a low sinuosity, high gradient braided streams which became moderately sinuous at places. The lithofacies relationships showing fining upward tendency suggest a progressive upward decline in current competency. The sequence is considered as the classical example of a sand dominated braided river. The lateral changes in lithofacies association indicate shifting of sub-environments from stream channel, overbank levee and peat forming back swamp to flood plains of fluvial system. It is suggested that the channel wandering along with differential intra-basinal tectonism and subsidence controlled cyclic repetition during early Permian sedimentation in the Godavari basin.

中文翻译：

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印度东南部戈达瓦里冈瓦纳盆地早二叠世巴拉卡煤系相分析、马尔科夫模型及亚环境联系

戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世巴拉卡煤系冈瓦纳超群地层包括被动大陆边缘的硅质碎屑河流相。使用嵌入式马尔可夫链分析和改进的二项式概率方法对岩相关系及其序列进行定量分析。总结出的岩相序列顺序如下：（CGSD=基质支撑的砾岩，砂砾到卵石/粗粒板状和槽状交错层理砂岩）→（MGSD=中粒槽状和平面交错层状砂岩）→（FGSD=细粒平行层状砂岩）和波纹漂流交错层状砂岩)→(SH=页岩/互层砂岩-页岩和灰色页岩)→(C=煤/页岩煤和碳质页岩)→(CGSD=基质支撑的砾岩，砂质到卵石/粗-粒状平面和槽层砂岩）。这些重复循环累积在低曲率、高梯度的辫状流中，在某些地方变得适度弯曲。岩相关系呈细化上升趋势，表明当前能力呈逐步上升趋势。该序列被认为是以沙为主的辫状河的经典例子。岩相关联的横向变化表明亚环境从河道、堤坝和泥炭形成后沼泽转移到河流系统的洪泛平原。这表明，在戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世沉积过程中，随着不同的盆地内构造作用和下沉作用，河道漂移控制了循环重复。岩相关系呈细化上升趋势，表明当前能力呈逐步上升趋势。该序列被认为是以沙为主的辫状河的经典例子。岩相关联的横向变化表明亚环境从河道、堤坝和泥炭形成后沼泽转移到河流系统的洪泛平原。这表明，在戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世沉积过程中，随着不同的盆地内构造作用和下沉作用，河道漂移控制了循环重复。岩相关系呈细化上升趋势，表明当前能力呈逐步上升趋势。该序列被认为是以沙为主的辫状河的经典例子。岩相关联的横向变化表明亚环境从河道、堤坝和泥炭形成后沼泽转移到河流系统的洪泛平原。这表明，在戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世沉积过程中，随着不同的盆地内构造作用和下沉作用，河道漂移控制了循环重复。岩相组合的横向变化表明亚环境从河道、堤坝和泥炭形成后沼泽转移到河流系统的洪泛平原。这表明，在戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世沉积过程中，随着不同的盆地内构造作用和下沉作用，河道漂移控制了循环重复。岩相关联的横向变化表明亚环境从河道、堤坝和泥炭形成后沼泽转移到河流系统的洪泛平原。这表明，在戈达瓦里盆地早二叠世沉积过程中，随着不同的盆地内构造作用和下沉作用，河道漂移控制了循环重复。