Spinal reciprocal inhibition (RI) and intracortical inhibition are important physiological mechanisms for voluntary movement control and functional recovery of voluntary movement in patients with stroke. Spasticity, which impairs motor performance, is one of the major manifestations of stroke. RI may be involved in reducing spasticity. This might allow finger extension, and, therefore, better hand function by reducing co-contraction with finger extensors. One potential mechanism of functional reorganization of the motor cortex is that pre-existing masking pathways are unmasked by decreased intracortical inhibition. The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA plays an important role in this process. Changes in RI might be mediated through unmasking of cortical pathways through decreased inhibition, with the neurotransmitter GABA. These changes can be assessed using short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI) and RI. Functional recovery in the chronic phase of stroke induced by rehabilitation was accompanied by SICI and spinal RI changes. Cortical reorganization and spinal plasticity might play important roles in functional recovery induced by rehabilitation, even in patients with chronic severe hemiparesis. This review aims to provide a focused overview of neuroplasticity of spinal RI and intracortical inhibition associated with functional motor recovery from stroke.

脊髓相互抑制（RI）和皮质内抑制是中风患者自愿运动控制和自愿运动功能恢复的重要生理机制。痉挛是损害中风的主要表现之一，它会削弱运动能力。RI可能与减少痉挛有关。通过减少与手指伸直器的共同收缩，这可以允许手指伸展，因此可以实现更好的手功能。运动皮层功能重组的一种潜在机制是通过减少皮层内抑制来掩盖预先存在的掩蔽途径。抑制性神经递质GABA在此过程中起重要作用。RI的变化可能是通过神经递质GABA通过减少抑制作用而揭露皮层途径来介导的。可以使用短时皮质内抑制（SICI）和RI评估这些变化。康复诱导的中风慢性期的功能恢复伴随着SICI和脊柱RI改变。皮质重组和脊柱可塑性可能在康复引起的功能恢复中起重要作用，即使在患有慢性重度偏瘫的患者中也是如此。这篇综述旨在提供脊柱RI的神经可塑性和与卒中功能性运动恢复相关的皮层内抑制的集中概述。即使是慢性严重偏瘫患者。这篇综述旨在提供脊柱RI的神经可塑性和与卒中功能性运动恢复相关的皮层内抑制的集中概述。即使是慢性严重偏瘫患者。这篇综述旨在提供脊柱RI的神经可塑性和与卒中功能性运动恢复相关的皮层内抑制的集中概述。