The interaction of exosomes (cell-secreted \(\sim \)100 nm-sized extracellular vesicles) or membrane-enveloped virions with cellular lipid membranes is often mediated by relatively weak ligand-receptor bonds. Interactions of this type can be studied using vesicles and observing their attachment to receptors located in a lipid bilayer formed at a solid surface. The contact region between a vesicle and the supported lipid bilayer and accordingly the number of ligand-receptor pairs there can be increased by deforming a vesicle. Herein, I (i) estimate theoretically the corresponding deformation energy assuming a disk-like or elongated shape of vesicles, (ii) present the equations allowing one to track such deformations by employing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance, and (iii) briefly discuss some related experimental studies.

外泌体的相互作用（细胞分泌的\（\ sim \）100 nm大小的细胞外囊泡或带有细胞脂质膜的膜包裹病毒体通常是由相对较弱的配体-受体键介导的。可以使用囊泡并观察其与位于固体表面形成的脂质双层中的受体的连接来研究此类相互作用。囊泡和所支持的脂质双层之间的接触区域以及因此在那里的配体-受体对的数目可通过使囊泡变形而增加。在本文中，我（i）在理论上估计假设碟形或细长形囊泡的相应形变能量，（ii）给出方程，使人们可以通过使用全内反射荧光显微镜和表面等离子体激元共振来跟踪这种形变，以及（iii ）简要讨论一些相关的实验研究。