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How to create an operational multi-model of seasonal forecasts?
Climate Dynamics ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05314-2
Stephan Hemri , Jonas Bhend , Mark A. Liniger , Rodrigo Manzanas , Stefan Siegert , David B. Stephenson , José M. Gutiérrez , Anca Brookshaw , Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes

Seasonal forecasts of variables like near-surface temperature or precipitation are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of stakeholders. Due to the many possibilities of recalibrating, combining, and verifying ensemble forecasts, there are ambiguities of which methods are most suitable. To address this we compare approaches how to process and verify multi-model seasonal forecasts based on a scientific assessment performed within the framework of the EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Quality Assurance for Multi-model Seasonal Forecast Products (QA4Seas) contract C3S 51 lot 3. Our results underpin the importance of processing raw ensemble forecasts differently depending on the final forecast product needed. While ensemble forecasts benefit a lot from bias correction using climate conserving recalibration, this is not the case for the intrinsically bias adjusted multi-category probability forecasts. The same applies for multi-model combination. In this paper, we apply simple, but effective, approaches for multi-model combination of both forecast formats. Further, based on existing literature we recommend to use proper scoring rules like a sample version of the continuous ranked probability score and the ranked probability score for the verification of ensemble forecasts and multi-category probability forecasts, respectively. For a detailed global visualization of calibration as well as bias and dispersion errors, using the Chi-square decomposition of rank histograms proved to be appropriate for the analysis performed within QA4Seas.



中文翻译:

如何创建季节性预报的业务多模型?

对近地表温度或降水等变量的季节性预测对于广泛的利益相关者而言变得越来越重要。由于重新校准,合并和验证集合预报的多种可能性,因此哪种方法最合适存在歧义。为了解决这个问题,我们比较了在欧盟哥白尼气候变化服务(C3S)框架内对多模式季节预报产品(QA4Seas)合同C3S 51进行质量保证的基础上进行科学评估的方式,如何处理和验证多模式季节预报很多3.我们的结果强调了根据所需的最终预测产品以不同方式处理原始集合预测的重要性。虽然总体预报受益于使用气候节约型重新校准进行的偏差校正,内在偏差调整后的多类别概率预测不是这种情况。多模型组合也是如此。在本文中,我们将简单但有效的方法用于两种预测格式的多模型组合。此外,根据现有文献,我们建议使用适当的评分规则,例如连续排名概率得分和排名概率得分的样本版本,分别用于验证整体预测和多类别概率预测。对于校准以及偏倚和分散误差的详细全局可视化,使用秩直方图的卡方分解被证明适合在QA4Seas中执行的分析。在本文中,我们将简单但有效的方法用于两种预测格式的多模型组合。此外,根据现有文献,我们建议使用适当的评分规则,例如连续排名概率得分和排名概率得分的样本版本,分别验证整体预测和多类别概率预测。对于校准以及偏倚和分散误差的详细全局可视化,使用秩直方图的卡方分解被证明适合在QA4Seas中执行的分析。在本文中,我们将简单但有效的方法用于两种预测格式的多模型组合。此外,根据现有文献,我们建议使用适当的评分规则,例如连续排名概率得分和排名概率得分的样本版本,分别用于验证整体预测和多类别概率预测。对于校准以及偏倚和分散误差的详细全局可视化,使用秩直方图的卡方分解被证明适合在QA4Seas中执行的分析。根据现有文献,我们建议使用适当的评分规则,例如连续排名概率得分和排名概率得分的样本版本,分别验证整体预测和多类别概率预测。对于校准以及偏倚和分散误差的详细全局可视化,使用秩直方图的卡方分解被证明适合在QA4Seas中执行的分析。根据现有文献,我们建议使用适当的评分规则,例如连续排名概率得分和排名概率得分的样本版本,分别验证整体预测和多类别概率预测。对于校准以及偏差和色散误差的详细全局可视化,证明使用秩直方图的卡方分解适用于QA4Seas中进行的分析。

更新日期:2020-06-15
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