Odor-driven behaviors such as feeding, mating, and predator avoidance are crucial for animal survival. The neural pathways processing these behaviors have been well characterized in a number of species, and involve the activity of diverse brain regions following stimulation of the olfactory bulb by specific odors. However, while the zebrafish olfactory circuitry is well understood, a comprehensive characterization linking odor-driven behaviors to specific odors is needed to better relate olfactory computations to animal responses. Here, we used a medium-throughput setup to measure the swimming trajectories of 10 zebrafish in response to 17 ecologically relevant odors. By selecting appropriate locomotor metrics, we constructed ethograms systematically describing odor-induced changes in the swimming trajectory. We found that adult zebrafish reacted to most odorants using different behavioral programs and that a combination of a few relevant behavioral metrics enabled us to capture most of the variance in these innate odor responses. We observed that individual components of natural food and alarm odors do not elicit the full behavioral response. Finally, we show that zebrafish blood elicits prominent defensive behaviors similar to those evoked by skin extract and activates spatially overlapping olfactory bulb domains. Altogether, our results highlight a prominent intra- and inter-individual variability in zebrafish odor-driven behaviors and identify a small set of waterborne odors that elicit robust responses. Our behavioral setup and our results will be useful resources for future studies interested in characterizing innate olfactory behaviors in aquatic animals.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼对多种气味的刺激特异性行为反应表现出个体差异。


气味驱动的行为，如进食、交配和躲避捕食者，对于动物的生存至关重要。处理这些行为的神经通路在许多物种中已得到很好的表征，并且涉及特定气味刺激嗅球后不同大脑区域的活动。然而，虽然斑马鱼的嗅觉回路已被充分了解，但仍需要将气味驱动行为与特定气味联系起来的全面表征，以更好地将嗅觉计算与动物反应联系起来。在这里，我们使用中等吞吐量设置来测量 10 条斑马鱼响应 17 种生态相关气味的游泳轨迹。通过选择适当的运动指标，我们构建了行为图，系统地描述了气味引起的游泳轨迹变化。我们发现成年斑马鱼使用不同的行为程序对大多数气味剂做出反应，并且一些相关行为指标的组合使我们能够捕获这些先天气味反应的大部分差异。我们观察到天然食品的个别成分和警报气味不会引起完整的行为反应。最后，我们发现斑马鱼血液会引发与皮肤提取物相似的显着防御行为，并激活空间重叠的嗅球域。总而言之，我们的结果强调了斑马鱼气味驱动行为的显着的个体内和个体间差异，并确定了一小部分引起强烈反应的水性气味。我们的行为设置和结果将为未来对表征水生动物先天嗅觉行为感兴​​趣的研究提供有用的资源。