Truffles are colonized by a complex microbial community of bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, whose role has not yet been fully understood. The main purpose of the research was to characterize the bacterial communities associated with Tuber aestivum Vittad. fruiting bodies collected from natural truffle grounds in the Molise region (Southern Italy). Despite it is one of the Italian richest areas of truffles, little is known about truffles in Molise. Six ripe fruiting bodies of Tuber aestivum Vittad. and six soil samples were collected in July 2018 at Villa San Michele in the municipality of Vastogirardi, Molise region. Then, soil and truffle microbial communities were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and bioinformatics analyses. Consistently with previous studies, the main phyla retrieved in the investigated ascocarps were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, with the genus Bradyrhizobium particularly represented. Nevertheless, significant differences between soil and truffle microbiota and an unexpected heterogeneity across truffles were observed. It is likely that a specific recruitment of bacteria from soil to ascocarps occurs during the truffle formation and that local-scale factors play an important role in determining the structure of the investigated truffle microbial communities. Although further analyses (based on a larger soil and truffle sample size and aimed at defining in more detail microbial diversity, soil physical and chemical properties, microclimatic conditions, and vegetation) are required to better understand which are these factors and how they could influence the composition of truffle bacterial communities, this study represents the starting point for a deepened characterization of this economically important product.

中文翻译：

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小麦块茎的细菌群落：在意大利南部莫利塞地区的初步调查

松露被细菌，酵母和丝状真菌的复杂微生物群落所定殖，其作用尚未完全被人们所了解。该研究的主要目的是鉴定与马铃薯块茎相关的细菌群落。从莫利塞地区（意大利南部）的天然松露场收集的子实体。尽管它是意大利松露最丰富的地区之一，但对莫利塞的松露知之甚少。块茎小麦维塔德的六个成熟子实体。并于2018年7月在莫利塞州瓦斯托吉拉迪市的Villa San Michele采集了六个土壤样品。然后，通过Illumina MiSeq平台上的16S rRNA基因测序和生物信息学分析，分析了土壤和松露微生物群落。与以前的研究一致，在被调查的果皮中检索到的主要菌群是Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria，其中Bradyrhizobium属特别代表。然而，土壤和松露菌群之间存在显着差异，并且松露之间存在意想不到的异质性。松露形成过程中可能会发生细菌从土壤到椰果的特定募集，局部因素在确定所研究松露微生物群落的结构中起着重要作用。尽管进行了进一步的分析（基于更大的土壤和松露样本量，旨在更详细地定义微生物多样性，土壤理化性质，微气候条件，